Bio dyes and Bio pigments: the sustainable approach in industrial textile dyeing and printing processes

Abstract: Unfortunately, The textile industry is a sector responsible for producing more than 2 billion tons of effluents/waste. A large part of the waste and effluents are discarded into the ecosystem, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, essentially after the finishing processes, which include dyeing and printing processes. Dyeing is one of the most polluting processes in the textile industry, representing a high source of pollution. According to the World Bank, the textile dyeing industries are responsible for more than 20% of the pollution of all water used at the industrial level. One of the serious problems related to the group of synthetic dyes is the level of chemical compounds used for their production, which has a high level of toxicity, corresponding to a carcinogenic and mutagenic potential. The problems mentioned have impacts on the environment and human health, as they can irritate people's skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Likewise, several health problems such as neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, and developmental toxicity may arise due to exposure to wastewater pollution. One of the emerging areas of research is related to the exploration of obtaining natural dyes from microorganisms, known as Bio dyes or Bio pigments. However, the approaches used also limit the yield and performance of the formulations obtained, since the dyeing process occurs directly, through exposure of the microorganism to the substrate. Furthermore, to date, there is no solution applicable to continuous dyeing. This research work's main objectives are research and development to obtain dyes for application in textile finishing processes, namely dyeing, and printing, using bacterial metabolic processes for the biopro-duction of these bio dyes or bio pigments. Additionally, this research is expected to obtain dyeing and printing processes with a reduction in contaminated effluents, due to the high biodegradability of bio dyes or bio pigments to be developed through the metabolism of microorganisms, thus contributing to the reduction of decontamination processes of industrial effluents.

Keywords: Biodyes, Biopigments, Metabolic Study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Textile Dyeing and Printing Technological Processes

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1005535

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