Hospital Kitchen Ergonomics: Analysis of Manual Operations in a Hospital Kitchen Using Jack Software

Abstract: Kitchens are considered risky workplaces. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the leading causes of occupational illnesses that occur due to performing specific forceful kitchen tasks. The study aims to improve kitchen ergonomics by analyzing and redesigning manual operations in a local hospital kitchen in Kuwait using JACK software. A questionnaire was distributed to identify the workers' complaints. Tasks causing pain in the affected areas were investigated. After developing the digital human model, different performance metrics from JACK software tool analysis, such as Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS), and Lower Back Analysis (LBA) were used to analyze the tasks studied.The findings revealed high initial ergonomic risks, with tasks such as vegetable washing consistently scoring 6–7 on the RULA scale, indicating urgent intervention needs. Post-intervention, risk levels were significantly reduced, with RULA scores dropping to 3–4, particularly for the vegetable washing task, which benefitted from tailored ergonomic modifications like food-washing racks and leg supports. Lower back forces were also notably reduced, especially for lighter workers, highlighting the differential impact of task redesign on anthropometric variations. OWAS scores remained stable, reflecting moderate postural risks throughout. This study underscores the effectiveness of tailored ergonomic interventions in reducing MSD risks and improving workplace safety. The proposed methodology, integrating advanced digital modeling and performance metrics, offers a systematic approach for addressing ergonomic challenges in hospital kitchens and other industrial settings.

Keywords: Kitchen Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), JACK software, Lower Back Analysis (LBA), Digital Human Modeling (DHM)

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1005945

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