Visual cultural symbols in the colonial context: A comparative analysis of Macau, Havana and Mexico City

Abstract: This study explores the visual cultural symbols shaped by the colonial histories of Macau, Havana, and Mexico City, and analyzes their role in urban identity and cultural heritage. By comparing architectural styles, public art, monuments and urban planning, the study examines how colonial influences shaped the visual landscape of these cities and their profound impact on local culture. The findings show that while all three cities have a colonial past, they exhibit unique paths and complexities in inheriting and transforming their colonial heritage. This study hopes to provide a new perspective for the construction of urban identity in the context of globalization through comparative analysis.This study is framed by interdisciplinary theories of visual cultural symbols, urban images, cultural heritage and colonial culture. Visual culture symbol theory emphasizes the role of image, symbol and visual expression in cultural transmission and identity formation. Urban image theory focuses on how iconic urban features affect perception and emotional connection, while cultural heritage emphasizes the importance of both material and intangible traditions in maintaining social continuity and diversity. Colonial culture examines the enduring cultural forms of the colonial period and their impact on postcolonial societies.Macau's visual cultural symbols reflect a unique blend of Eastern and Western elements, shaped by its Portuguese colonial past and current status as a special administrative region of China. This integration is evident in architecture, public Spaces and daily life, creating a unique cultural landscape. Similarly, the visual image of Havana shows the fusion of Spanish colonial heritage with Cuban traditions, reflected in its historic buildings, public art, and urban planning. Mexico City, on the other hand, demonstrates a dialogue between its colonial history and modernity, with its architectural design blending international styles and local cultural elements.The study highlights the dual challenges and opportunities that cities with colonial histories face in preserving and presenting their unique visual cultural symbols. These symbols are not only a bridge between history and modernity, but also between local and global identity. They play a vital role in shaping the image of cities, promoting tourism, and contributing to economic and social sustainability. However, the protection and use of cultural heritage also presents challenges in balancing environmental, social and historical values.The findings suggest that the colonial visual cultural symbols of Macau, Havana, and Mexico City represent a fusion of European styles and local traditions reflected in their art, architecture, urban planning, and cultural policies. These symbols are essential to showcase the diversity and inclusion of the city, while connecting historical and contemporary narratives. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges limitations in the scope and depth of case selection, suggesting that future research could be extended to more cities and regions to explore how different cultural contexts and stages of development influenced the evolution of colonial heritage.

Keywords: visual cultural symbols, Colonial culture, City image, Cultural heritage, Macau, Havana, Mexico City

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1006609

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