Transfer and Lifting Technologies in Long-Term Care Facilities: A Scoping Review of Assistive Solutions for Older Adults Care

Abstract: The practice of caring in long-term care institutions for older adults often involves the lifting and transferring of residents, tasks that, when performed manually, expose professionals to biomechanical overload and musculoskeletal injury risks. To minimise these risks, the use of assistive devices has been recommended as an ergonomic strategy. Despite the relevance of such technologies, their adoption in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) faces significant challenges, including financial constraints, the need for continuous staff training, and the adaptation of existing infrastructure. Additionally, there is a limited number of studies exploring the use of these devices in institutional settings. In this context, the present scoping review aimed to map the scientific literature on the use of lifting and transfer devices used in LTCFs, considering aspects such as the geographical and temporal distribution of publications, methodological designs, technologies analysed, sample characteristics, and main findings reported. The search was conducted in the Scopus and PubMed databases using combinations of terms related to patient transfer, long-term care institutions, and assistive devices. Following the application of inclusion criteria (language, full-text availability, and focus on LTCFs), 16 articles published between 2004 and 2025 were selected, originating from different countries, notably the United States, Sweden, and Denmark. The studies employed various methodological approaches, including observational, cross-sectional, longitudinal, and quasi-experimental designs, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the factors involved in the use of these technologies. The most frequently investigated devices were ceiling lifts, floor lifts, mobile lifts, sliding sheets, and transfer belts, often investigated in combination. Most articles focused on healthcare professionals, emphasising the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, while only one study directly addressed the perspective of older adult users. Evaluation methods predominantly included questionnaires, field observations, and interviews. In terms of outcomes, key ergonomic benefits were highlighted, such as the reduction of physical symptoms and improvements in carers' posture, as well as increased perceptions of safety and comfort among older adult users in some contexts. However, significant limitations were also identified, including low adherence among staff, improper use of equipment, increased task execution time, and structural barriers such as lack of maintenance and institutional support. The current findings indicate that successful implementation of these technologies depends on the interplay of technical, organisational, and human factors. As a contribution, this review organises and systematises the available knowledge on the topic, highlighting ergonomics as a fundamental axis of occupational health in LTCFs and pointing to the need for integrated public policies and management strategies that encourage the safe and effective use of these technologies in the care of institutionalised older adults.

Keywords: Lifting Devices, Patient Transfer, Older Adults, Long-Term Care Facilities

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1006800

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