Out of the Mud: A user-centered AHP-based approach

Abstract

Intertidal fishermen, primarily older workers, perform physically intensive tasks in highly variable environments characterized by tidal fluctuations and unstable mudflats (Hwang et al., 2023). The tools they rely on are often rudimentary and lack ergonomic considerations, offering little relief from physical strain. Furthermore, limited adaptability and learning capacity among these users make the development of specialized tools particularly challenging. This study identifies intertidal fishermen as the target user group, applies the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to systematically assess their needs, and develops user-centered design interventions aimed at reducing work-related fatigue and improving tool usability in real-world conditions. Recent ergonomic studies have shown that modular exoskeletons have significant stress reduction effects in industrial environments, effectively reducing back loads and improving operational efficiency (Qu et al., 2025; Xiang et al., 2024). However, research on intertidal fishermen as a labor group is still insufficient. As their labor force structure is aging, the physical challenges faced by this group in a highly dynamic and difficult-to-control natural environment require urgent attention (Wang et al., 2023; Park et al., 2022). In this context, the development of strongly adaptive, human-centered operational aids is becoming an urgent need to cope with the stress of physically intensive fishing work (Hwang et al., 2023).To support design decisions for the wearable support system, we used a hierarchical analysis (AHP, Saaty, 2008) to assess the importance of the elements in the product composition. The assessment was done by a focus group consisting of 12 fishermen (median age 58.4 years, standard deviation 6.7), 3 product designers and 3 fisheries experts, and a judgment matrix was constructed by two-by-two comparison, and the final weighting results obtained provided a scientific basis for prioritizing the functions of the system.Based on the outcomes of the AHP evaluation, the following prioritization of user needs was identified:AHP analysis revealed that physiological needs were most critical (weight = 0.5571), with lumbar support ranked highest. Operational needs (0.3202) followed, including lightweight construction, task assistance, and tool storage. Durability（0.1226）was identified as the most important psychological factor. These findings informed the prioritization of design features in the prototype.To balance performance and cost-efficiency, the final design prioritizes lumbar protection and integrates key features such as tool support and structural durability. Given the aging user population, the prototype maintains familiarity with existing products while emphasizing ease of use and adaptability. It features adjustable modular straps and pivot joints to accommodate long-handled tool operations. Field tests indicate notable improvements in back comfort, task efficiency, and tool handling compared to conventional equipment. This study presents a human-centered ergonomic solution tailored to the overlooked needs of intertidal fishermen. Grounded in AHP-based needs analysis and real-world testing, the design process resulted in a wearable system that improves physical comfort without disrupting traditional workflows. The findings contribute to a broader shift toward context-sensitive, user-informed design in labor-intensive sectors.

Keywords: Ergonomics, wearable design, intertidal fishing, lumbar support, AHP analysis

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1007034