Human-Centred Classification of Remote Operation Intervention Scenarios for Automated Vehicles

Abstract: The deployment of automated vehicles (AVs) offers substantial societal benefits but faces significant challenges, particularly in complex urban environments. Remote operations (ROs) enabled safety interventions serve as a critical intermediary, allowing human operators to intervene when AVs encounter limitations. However, to inform RO workstation design and understand human intervention capabilities, real-world scenario data is critical. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 local safety experts at the Birmingham National Exhibition Centre (NEC), UK, resulting in a catalogue of 105 functional scenarios. We identified prevalent scenario types, AV-related challenges, and scenario complexity. These findings inform RO workstation and human machine interface (HMI) design and highlight the need for real-world scenario generation to support RO capability assessment. This study contributes to a framework for enhancing human-AV interactions, understanding RO safety requirements, and advancing ROs.

Keywords: Remote operations, autonomous vehicles, scenario-based design, human machine interface, human factors.

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1007121

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