Overall effects of non-driving related activities’ characteristics on takeover performance in the context of SAE Level 3: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Since users of Level 3 driving automation systems may engage in non-driving related activities, it is of interest to investigate effects of non-driving related activities on traffic safety. The current meta-analysis aims at estimating non-driving related activities’ effects on takeover behavior based on theory and empirical findings on task switching and modality shifting. Results indicate that takeover time increases after non-driving related activities that (1) physically require the user to free his/her hands from the respective activity before takeover, (2) obstruct concurrent visual perception of the driving environment, (3) are dissimilar to the driving task in terms of required cognitive processing modules.

Keywords: driving automation, human factors, non-driving related activity, takeover

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1002435