Interaction Concepts for Delivery Robots: Exploring Evaluation Criteria and Design via Two User-centered Approaches

Abstract

With the introduction of automated driving technologies onto public roads, requirements for human-vehicle interfaces have changed. Yet, little is known about what constitutes effective and enjoyable user interactions. To address this issue, we explored different concepts and modalities for interaction. Three concepts (graphical user interface, voice user interface, and wristband) were developed via two user-centered design processes. The first one was a participatory design approach (i.e., [1] co-design session, [2] initial evaluation via an online survey, and [3] redesign.) The second one was a design thinking sprint (i.e., a series of workshops: [1] emphasize, [2] define, [4] ideate, [5] and prototype.)Finally, three concepts were prototyped and comparatively evaluated. For evaluation, we used the requirements identified during the development processes.The comparative evaluation highlighted that while all three interaction concepts were viable, the graphical user interface and voice user interface showed greater promise in meeting user requirements than the wristband, which scored relatively low in aesthetic appeal, efficiency, and maturity.

Keywords: Delivery Robot, User-Centered Design, Co-Design, User Experience, Technology Acceptance

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1005252