Human Body Models for Crash Safety Analysis of Reclining Posture Occupants: Applicability and Adaptation

Abstract

With the advancement of aviation, the low-altitude economy, and autonomous driving technologies, occupant postures are progressively evolving from traditional seated positions to reclining configurations. However, existing human body models and evaluation methods, developed based on seated postures, are not directly applicable to the analysis and assessment of occupant injuries in reclining postures. This paper focuses on the applicability and adaptability of human body models for crash safety analysis of occupants in reclining postures. It reviews the modeling characteristics, advantages, and limitations of common human body models. The suitability of these models for reclining postures is analyzed in terms of geometric configuration, joint range of motion, and biomechanical response. Furthermore, the study explores model types suitable for reclining postures, examines the fundamental reasons why existing models are difficult to apply directly to crash risk analysis of reclining occupants, and proposes targeted model adjustment strategies to more realistically simulate body configuration and dynamic responses in reclining postures. The results provide methodological guidance for enhancing the fidelity and reliability of crash simulations involving reclining postures, contributing to the development of more inclusive occupant protection systems and promoting safety design for multi-posture intelligent cabin environments.

Keywords: Human Body Models, Reclining Posture, Occupant Safety, Crash Biomechanics, Model Adaptation

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1007843