Multi-Parameter Optimization of Augmented Reality Display Interfaces for Lunar Extravehicular Activities: Impacts of Area, Shape, and Transparency

Abstract

The lunar surface presents a challenging visual environment characterized by high glare, extreme dynamic range, and achromatic conditions, which severely compromise the visibility of augmented reality (AR) information overlays. This study systematically examines the synergistic effects of geometric (area and shape) and optical (transparency) parameters on AR display interfaces, assessing their impact on task performance and cognitive load in a simulated lunar setting. The investigation consists of two experimental series: Experiment 1 utilized a digit-matching paradigm to manipulate display area and shape, while Experiment 2 employed omnidirectional pointing and cube placement tasks to vary interface transparency. Conducted in a controlled laboratory replicating the low solar elevation angle illumination typical of the lunar south pole, the experiments incorporated the optical filtering properties of a manned lunar helmet visor to bolster ecological validity. Multidimensional analyses demonstrated that larger display areas led to prolonged reaction times, decreased accuracy, and reduced usability, indicative of an "area penalty effect." Conversely, lower interface transparency markedly improved task completion times, diminished subjective cognitive load, and enhanced emotional valence (pleasantness) and dominance. This research constitutes the inaugural comprehensive evaluation of multi-parameter AR interface optimization in a simulated lunar context, furnishing essential human factors insights for the parametric design and adaptive refinement of future AR helmet displays in lunar extravehicular activities (EVAs).

Keywords: Lunar Visual Environment, Augmented Reality, Extravehicular Activity, Display Area, Display Shape, Interface Transparency, Human Factors Engineering, Cognitive Load

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1007847