AHFE Open AccessSocial and Occupational Ergonomics
Editors: Henrijs Kalkis, Zenija Roja, Sevinç Serpil Aytaç, Javed Anjum Sheikh
Topics: Social & Occupational Ergonomics
ISBN: 979-8-950676-04-8
DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1007247
Table of Contents
Trust Repair in the Organizations: Interaction of Role Conflict and Positive Emotions
This study investigates how the emotional dimensions of customer service employees influence the erosion of organizational trust, especially when those employees experience role conflict in shifting industry conditions. An online survey was conducted with 319 customer service employees across the USA. The results reveal that when customer service employees perceive role conflict, their trust in their employer tends to decrease. Additionally, emotional factors — namely self-monitoring and surface acting — serve to buffer or restore this declining trust. In demanding, competitive work environments, constructive emotional behaviours can help customer service employees navigate stress more effectively. Ultimately, employees who demonstrate strong emotional competence contribute to a more cohesive and principled workplace while strengthening the organization's competitive edge by efficiently executing its strategies.
Noriko OKABE
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings
Occupational Noise Exposure during Aircraft Engine Run-up Task in Aviation Maintenance
Hearing loss risk is influenced by factors such as aging, trauma, infection, and prolonged noise exposure. Aviation maintenance personnel operate in high-noise environments, particularly during aircraft engine run-up procedures, where sound levels can reach up to 140 dBA. This study evaluates noise exposure during engine run-up tasks and compares results to the ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). Noise exposure was measured using two dosimeters during engine run-up tasks lasting approximately 10 minutes. Equivalent personal exposure (Leq) and peak noise levels were recorded and extrapolated to an 8-hour workday. Measured Leq values ranged from 64 to 127 dBA, exceeding recommended limits in several cases. Peak noise levels averaged 144 dBA, exceeding the 140 dBA threshold. Single hearing protection was insufficient to reduce exposure to safe levels. Aviation maintenance personnel are at significant risk of hearing loss during engine run-up operations. Observed noise levels exceeded ACGIH limits, particularly due to extreme peak exposures. Double hearing protection is necessary in these conditions, along with implementation of additional engineering controls to reduce noise at the source.
Ali Aljaroudi
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings
Manual handling of Passengers with Reduced Mobility inside airplanes: workers’ biomechanical overload risk mitigation
This study assesses the biomechanical risk for workers who support Passengers with Reduced Mobility (PRM) in handling totally uncollaborative passengers (Charlie) on aircraft. We looked at the workers' position, the PRM spot, the presence of armrests, the space behind the seats, and the use of ergonomic lifting belts. We used surface electromyography to record synchronized data on two pairs of experienced workers, then calculated the percentage of Maximum Voluntary Contraction (%MVC). The results show that the risk of biomechanical overload for PRM attendant staff can be reduced through 1) specific training, 2) team organization, 3) use of assistive devices, 4) proper selection of seating for PRM passengers, and 5) suitable aircraft design.
Alessio Silvetti, Marta Petyx, Adriano Papale
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and readiness of University of Latvia students in performing first aid resuscitation measures.
This Study aimed to assess the readiness and competence of students at the University of Latvia in performing resuscitation measures from a first aid perspective. A cross-sectional study was conducted in August – December 2025, a bilingual Likert scale questionnaire collected the data of 301 non-medical student. Concerning Awareness & Knowledge majority of respondents reported their familiarity with CPR as beyond moderate, describing it as extremely familiar (N = 52; 16.56%), very familiar (N = 111; 36.42%). Regarding CPR Training & Willingness to Learn, a high percentage of respondents were unwilling to attend a free CPR course, responding with unlikely (N = 58; 19%) and very unlikely (N = 20; 6%), respectively. Statistical analysis showed the reason why participants would not attend a CPR training course was being too busy (N = 143; 54%). Majority attended CPR training at least once (N = 253; 85%). Most students agreed CPR should be learned by the public (N = 200; 66.2%). Willingness to perform it was higher for family members (N = 162; 56%) than strangers due to fear of harming the victim. Finally, most university students showed strong support for mandatory CPR/AED training (N = 185; 61%), likewise, strong support was shown for the importance of CPR skills due to global insecurities (N = 228; 76%).The study found out that university students showed significant levels of knowledge and skills of CPR; however, they lacked willingness to perform due to fear of legal consequences, lack of knowledge, and insufficient understanding of responsibilities.
Romualds Razuks, Zenija Roja, Henrijs Kalkis, Inguna Ebela, Abdulaziz Awil Hashi
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings
Measuring workload of food delivery riders under algorithmic management
With the global expansion of digital platforms, algorithmic management now structures food delivery work through time-based milestones that prioritize speed and efficiency, often shifting risks onto riders. Despite the workforce’s growing importance, evidence on its physical and psychological impacts remains largely survey-based, with little experimental research. This study proposes a conceptual framework linking algorithmic management (time control, task arrangement, performance evaluation, and interaction) to rider behaviours (delivery, riding, and order grabbing), governed by four behavioural rules: faster delivery, completing on time, faster riding, and grabbing more orders. These rules manifest as physical and psychological workload, moderated by demographic factors. To operationalize this framework, a laboratory-based food delivery simulation was developed. Twenty participants completed a 60-minute simulation using a Python-based rider interface and interactive riding videos under time pressure. Physical workload was measured via Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) using a wearable device, and psychological workload via NASA-TLX. Physical exertion was incorporated through stair and elevator navigation while carrying weighted loads to simulate last-mile delivery. Results showed that HRR effectively distinguished delivery stages, while temporal demand, mental demand, and effort were the dominant psychological workload dimensions. Linear regression models with delivery and riding performance as predictors moderately explained both physical and psychological workload. This study establishes a comprehensive framework for measuring food delivery riders’ workload, introduces an innovative laboratory simulation paradigm to assess gig-worker well-being under algorithmic management, and provides empirical evidence to inform better platform design and labour protections.
Yuying Zhang, Pei-Luen Patrick Rau
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings
Teleworking’s impact on domestic life: a survey in Brazil
The rapid adoption of telework has reshaped the intersection of professional and domestic responsibilities, yet its impact on family dynamics remains underexplored. Objective: This study examines the impact of teleworking on domestic life by analysing survey responses from Brazilian teleworkers. Methods: The data collection instrument included items on demographic characteristics, teleworking routines, and work-family conflict. We examined items of perceived work-family conflict and family-to-work interference across demographic subgroups defined by sex, age, and caregiving responsibilities. Data were cleaned and coded in Python using the Pandas and Seaborn libraries. Descriptive statistics were computed, and subgroup differences were analysed using Chi-Squared tests of independence to assess the relationship between telework-related family conflict and participant characteristics. A significance threshold of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results: The sample consisted of 184 teleworkers in Brazil. Most respondents were aged 30 to 50 years (66%), followed by those aged 50+ (19%) and those aged under 30 (15%). The majority identified as female (≈60%), and 45% reported having dependents living with them. Approximately 35% of participants agreed that their work made it difficult to fulfil family responsibilities, and 30% agreed that fulfilling work duties required changes in their family routines. Stratified analyses revealed that participants aged 30 to 50 were significantly more likely to report adjusting family activities to meet work demands (χ² = 21.48, p = 0.0015). Conclusion: The results emphasize the need for equitable teleworking policies that address diverse household contexts.
Maria Do Carmo Baracho Alencar, Irenilza Alencar Naas, Nilson Rogerio Da Silva, Florentino Serranheira
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings
Holistic Assessment of Ergonomic and Psychosocial Risks in Remote and Hybrid Working Models
This study analyzes the psychosocial and ergonomic impacts of remote and hybrid work models, which have gained prevalence due to the rapid digitalization following the pandemic, within a multidimensional framework. The research specifically investigates the interrelations among cognitive workload, ergonomic risk level, job satisfaction, and burnout within the cohort of white-collar workers. The study's sample comprises 50 employees from an international Information Technology (IT) firm located in Istanbul. Twenty-five of the participants work from home all the time, and 25 work in a hybrid model. The data collection process used the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), the Rapid Office Stress Assessment (ROSA), the Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The results show that the average cognitive workload is high, at 60.5 out of 100. Researchers found that remote workers had higher mental demands, while hybrid workers had higher physical demands. The ROSA test found that 42% of the people who took it were in the high ergonomic risk group. Long periods of sitting, not enough lumbar support, and the wrong height for the monitor were the most common ergonomic issues. In general, people are moderately happy with their jobs (M = 3.42/5). It was found that hybrid workers were much happier with their jobs than remote workers. But the levels of burnout can be anywhere from moderate to high. It was found that people who work from home are more emotionally drained, while people who work in both settings feel more accomplished. Thirty-four percent of the people who took part were found to be at high risk of burnout. The findings indicate that cognitive workload and ergonomic hazards in digital workplaces significantly influence job satisfaction and burnout. The remote work model can make people more mentally and emotionally tired because they are alone and their work and personal lives are not clearly defined. On the other hand, the hybrid model can make people happier at work and feel more accomplished because they can interact with others and get help from their organization. The Ergonomics 4.0 approach to digital work design needs to include all three types of elements: cognitive, physical, and psychosocial. The results are also in line with the WHO (2021) and ILO (2020) guidelines, which stress how important it is to include psychosocial risk management in systems for occupational health and safety.
Serpil Aytac, Hüsre Gizem Akalp, Özlem Kaya, Gulsen Çetin Aydın
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings
Prototype of a Generative AI–Based Analogy Application for Human Error Case Analysis
Research at the intersection of human factors analysis and large language models (LLMs) has grown rapidly in recent years; however, much of this work emphasizes automation and efficiency, evaluating success primarily through model-centric metrics. In contrast, this study reframes generative AI not as an automation tool for analysis but as a collaborative partner for cognitive stimulation, and proposes PromptWeave, a prompt-design methodology intended to expand, deepen, and transform an analyst’s reasoning. We applied PromptWeave to industrial accident cases and conducted a quantitative evaluation using human-centered KPIs. The results indicate consistently high performance across all KPIs, supporting the utility of PromptWeave as a reproducible collaboration protocol executable on an LLM platform.
Aoi Fujiwara, Yuka Banno, Yusaku Okada
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings
Psychosocial Workload and Multidimensional Fatigue in Computer-Intensive Office Work: An Integrative Review of Scientific Literature
Computer-intensive office work is increasingly shaped by digitalization, hybrid work arrangements, and rising cognitive demands, which elevate psychosocial risks and may contribute to multidimensional fatigue. This study aimed to synthesize scientific evidence on psychosocial workload and multidimensional fatigue in computer-intensive office work through an integrative review. A PRISMA-guided search and selection process was applied across major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, Wiley Online Library, Springer), using combinations of keywords related to workload, psychosocial factors, computer work, cognitive strain, and fatigue. Peer-reviewed English-language full-text studies from the last 15 years were included. The reviewed literature consistently links high job demands, time pressure, low job control, limited social support, role ambiguity, and technostress to increased work-related fatigue—most strongly to mental and emotional fatigue, with downstream effects on concentration, recovery (including sleep disturbances), productivity, presenteeism, and error likelihood. Evidence also indicates that psychosocial risks interact with ergonomic exposures (prolonged sitting, static postures, inadequate workstations, insufficient breaks), amplifying musculoskeletal complaints and reinforcing fatigue-related impairments. Overall, psychosocial workload in computer-intensive office settings is a robust correlate of multidimensional fatigue, while the predominance of cross-sectional designs highlights the need for more causal, confounder-controlled research and targeted intervention evaluation.
Henrijs Kalkis, Zenija Roja, Anatolijs Roganovs, Romualds Razuks, Nora Kaufmane
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings
Physio-Cognitive Fatigue Loop in Digital Office Work
Digital office work increasingly combines prolonged screen exposure with multitasking and time pressure, sustaining cognitive demand and enabling progressive cognitive fatigue. The objective of this article is to systematically analyze evidence on (a) digital office work characteristics and (b) cognitive fatigue indicators and mechanisms, and (c) to incorporate the analysis into a model “Physio-Cognitive Fatigue Loop in Digital Office Work” and its conceptualization. Scientific literature search has been done in Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed (2010 - 2026) databases and have been complemented by backward citation tracking. Studies of adult office/display-based work have been included if they reported behavioural or objective cognitive-fatigue indicators (e.g., reaction time, errors, executive-control measures) and/or explicit fatigue mechanisms. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, records have been screened and thematically synthesized. Across study designs, prolonged time-on-task, interruption load and task switching have been consistently associated with attention degradation, reduced executive control (conflict control/response inhibition) and increased performance variability. Within the article’s scope, the proposed model provides a clear evidence-based structure that links modifiable digital work characteristics to core cognitive fatigue indicators and emphasizes the practical value of combining exposure metrics (duration, interruptions/switching) with sensitive cognitive outcomes and brief state ratings to detect early fatigue escalation.
Kristine Kursite Germane, Henrijs Kalkis
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings
Understanding Ergonomic Risks in Older Informal Caregivers: The Role and Potential of Digital Interventions
The purpose of this literature review is to determine how older informal caregivers understand ergonomic risks in the home care environment and to evaluate the potential of digital interventions to reduce ergonomic risks, improve safe care skills, and prevent physical load. Methodology: The literature review analyzes scientific articles from online databases published between 2012 and 2026. The analysis focused on ergonomic factors determining risk perception, determinants of physical load, and the suitability of digital tools for older informal caregivers. Results: The literature analysis revealed that older caregivers’ understanding of ergonomic risks is significantly influenced by care intensity, emotional state, lack of ergonomic knowledge, cognitive processes, and age-related physiology. The increase in physical load is associated with functional dependence of the caregiver, creating physical overexertion, non-ergonomic postures, and repetitive movements for the caregiver. The scientific literature has demonstrated that digital interventions- virtual reality training, sensors, motion analyzers, and mobile applications provide significant potential to reduce ergonomic risks.
Marika Briede, Zenija Roja
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings
Factors Influencing the Perceived Parenting of Multigenerational Parents: A Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Parenting in multigenerational Filipino households is shaped by evolving social expectations, emotional dynamics, and cultural influences. This study aimed to investigate the key factors that influence the perceived parenting of multigenerational parents in the Philippines. By integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the research examined how generational influence, emotional connection, media, and cultural beliefs affect parents’ attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions toward parenting. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study analyzed the predictive relationships among parenting-related latent variables across multigenerational parents. Moreover, emotional connection (β: 0.585, p < 0.001) was the strongest among generational factors, while behavioral intention (β: 0.609, p < 0.001) was the most significant predictor of perceived parenting. The findings contribute to the human factors and ergonomics literature by offering a culturally grounded understanding of multigenerational parenting in the Philippine context and validating the use of the Theory of Planned Behavior in modeling parenting behavior. These insights support the development of human-centered parenting interventions, educational strategies, and policy designs.
Ikiah Bolivar, Rafael Isidore Daquipil, Joshua Ardgel Galimba, Marien Libuit, Yoshiki Kurata
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings
Assessment of Work-Related Psychosocial Factors among Primary Healthcare Employees
Employees in the healthcare field repeatedly face psychosocial risks at work that could impact their well-being, including job satisfaction and physical and mental health. Primary healthcare settings require complex cognitive processes, multitasking, and interpersonal contact with patients and are therefore contexts where staff will be challenged to manage work stresses. This study aims to investigate work-related psychosocial factors among healthcare employees in primary healthcare centres in the Saudi Arabia and determine common stressors. Method: An observational cross-sectional study was performed in Saudi Arabia from January to May 2024. Altogether, 80 healthcare employees from Primary Health Care (PHC) centers, including physicians and nurses currently employed at the PHC. From February to June 2024, 80 healthcare employees working in primary healthcare centres in Saudi Arabia completed an anonymous online questionnaire including sociodemographic questions, as well as selected subscales from the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II), which included the quantitative demands, cognitive demands, possibilities for development, meaning of work, recognition, and social support from supervisors and coworkers. Ethical approval for the investigation has been obtained from the IRB committee of the Royal Commission Health Service Program (RCHSP) in Jubail, Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess the responses, and Cronbach's alpha reliability statistics were performed on the sub-scales. Ethical approval was granted through the Royal Commission Health Services Program IRB in Jubail. Results: Questionnaire results revealed that the participants rated the Meaning of Work (2.87± 0.39), Cognitive Demands (2.84± 0.51), and Colleague Social Support (2.86± 0.27) all high, and the responses indicated strong internal motivation and relationships with peers. The reward, supervisor, and commitment to workplace scores were moderate and suggested areas for attention. Respondents rated quantitative demands as low (1.95±0.54) and indicated that they can manage their workload. Conclusion: The research identified cognitive demands as the primary stressor, whereas job meaning, peer support, and professional development serve as protective factors consistent with the Job Demands-Resources model. Organizational support was moderate, exhibiting gaps in recognition and supervisory involvement. Sociodemographic characteristics were insignificant, suggesting that stressors are systemic. Future research must be conducted to assess influencing elements and establish causal frameworks to create feasible action plans that enable the reduction of the effects on the health of employees in healthcare services.
Marwan Babiker, Zenija Roja, Henrijs Kalkis
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings
How People Really Take Breaks: Insights for Human-Centered Office Space Design
In Japan, workstyle reforms have progressed in response to long working hours; however, research examining how workday breaks contribute to employee recovery and how break spaces can be designed from a Human-Centered Design (HCD) perspective remains limited. This study aims to derive design implications for HCD-based break space design by comprehensively capturing office workers’ break behaviors. A mixed-methods research design was adopted. First, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 263 office workers across four office buildings to assess worker attributes, break behaviors, and recovery experiences. Chi-square tests and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to investigate differences in break behaviors and factors influencing recovery. Next, beacon-based behavioral data were collected over approximately two months from 20 participants in a multi-area break space, enabling objective analysis of area usage. Semi-structured interviews with the same participants were conducted to explore factors influencing space use. The results indicated significant differences in break behaviors depending on building characteristics. Napping showed the strongest positive association with recovery and was more likely to occur in environments with dimmed lighting. Beacon data revealed frequent use of peripheral areas that allowed users to avoid others’ gaze, whereas an open central area was rarely used. Interview findings suggested that concerns about being observed by others inhibited use of otherwise attractive spaces. These findings demonstrate that spatial characteristics strongly influence break behaviors and recovery, highlighting the necessity of designing break spaces that support recovery by balancing functional affordances with psychological comfort, such as visual exposure to others and social context.
Seina Nakayama, Chenjun Ma, Kaede Ichikawa, Tsuzumi Nakamura, Wataru Umishio, Katsuhiko Sakata, Kiyoshi Kanaya, Miki Saijo
Open Access
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Integration of Myotonometry and Eye Tracking as Objective Assessment of Intensive Display-Based Office Work
Intensive display-based office work may result in short-term changes in both the musculoskeletal and visual systems, yet day-to-day workplace screening rarely relies on objective measures. This field study examined the feasibility and sensitivity of a brief protocol combining myotonometry and wearable eye tracking to capture within-day and across-day variation during three consecutive workdays in an ergonomically advanced office. Myotonometry outcomes are presented for a female subsample (n=17), while eye-tracking indicators are summarized for the full cohort (n=31). Myotonometric assessments targeted superficial upper-limb and shoulder muscles and focused on mechanical properties reflecting muscle tone and stiffness. Eye tracking captured viewing behavior and saccade dynamics during typical screen-based tasks. Across the three-day period, myotonometry indicated repeatable time-of-day shifts consistent with increasing neuromuscular loading, with patterns varying by muscle group. Eye-tracking metrics showed progressive changes compatible with time-on-task and cumulative visual-cognitive strain, including lower afternoon saccadic velocities and longer fixation durations by Day 3. Taken together, the findings suggest that integrating myotonometry with wearable eye tracking can reveal early, subclinical signatures of intensive digital work, even when ergonomics are considered optimized. Such multisystem monitoring may complement self-reports and support evidence-based micro-interventions (e.g., task redesign, micro-break scheduling, and individualized workstation coaching).
Henrijs Kalkis, Zenija Roja, Liga Ozolina-Molla, Tatjana Pladere, Linda Krauze, Reinis Alksnis, Jevgenijs Viznuks
Open Access
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Work related musculoskeletal injury rate and ergonomics in bronchoscopy: a global survey
Work-related musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) are frequent among bronchoscopists with reported rate up to 75%. However, the number of studies is exiguous and based on a low sample size, while the importance of ergonomics to prevent MSIs raised with the goal to preserve the health and career longevity of the physicians. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MSI and the correlation with anthropometric, demographic and work characteristics in bronchoscopy. A global online survey containing questions about anthropometrics, demographics and ergonomics was shared among bronchoscopists and interventional pulmonologists. Seventy-three physicians from seven countries participated in the survey. 36% of responders reported to have/had experienced MSI (women: 30%; men: 40%). The most frequent MSI locations were wrist and lower back, and the most common types were muscle strain, trigger finger and tendonitis. According to the injured physicians, the main causes leading to MSI were the position maintained during the procedure, the weight of the endoscope and the position of the equipment. As a result, 58% would like to have lighter bronchoscopes and 62% lower lever's torque. Ergonomic training was completed by 23%, and 67% would be interested in participating in one, with the willingness significantly higher among those who have or had MSI. Given the professional and economic consequences of the frequent MSI, promoting ergonomic awareness is essential. Several ergonomic practices—such as seated positioning, use of ergonomic bronchoalveolar lavage systems, and pre-procedural warmups— are recommended to prevent MSI and safeguard physician's career longevity.
Veronica Bessone
Open Access
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Work environment risks and ways to prevent them in solar panel installation processes in Latvia's renewable energy sector
Solar panel installation work in the renewable energy sector is increasingly being carried out on building roofs, where there are both electrical risks and working at height, creating a high combined risk working environment. The persistence of direct current voltage during solar radiation, even when the system appears to be switched off, significantly complicates safety measures and increases the risk of electric shock, which, combined with the possibility of falling, can have serious consequences. The aim of this study is to analyze the risks in the work environment, with a particular focus on electrical risks and working at height during solar panel installation processes in the Latvian renewable energy sector, as well as to evaluate the possibilities for their prevention. The study uses literature analysis, drawing on the international scientific databases Scopus and Web of Science, as well as professional guidelines. The analysis includes studies that examine occupational risks in solar panel installation, electrical safety, and working at height. The results show that the most dangerous risks in solar panel installation are electrical risks and fall risks, as they are not isolated but can reinforce each other, especially in unfavourable weather conditions, fatigue, time pressure, and inadequate work organization. The study confirms that ensuring safety requires an integrated approach that combines technical solutions, improvements in work organization, and the strengthening of a safety culture. The analytical literature framework developed allows for a structured assessment of workplace risks and will serve as a basis for practical application.
Neonila Hackevica, Henrijs Kalkis, Zenija Roja
Open Access
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From Tradition to Ergonomics: Assessing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Risk in Pizza Makers
Manual load handling and upper limbs overloading is unavoidable in the pizza maker profession, and it is associated with musculoskeletal disorders. The severity of musculoskeletal disorders (MDs) in this kind of worker can significantly reduce worker productivity. This study was conducted to assess the postures and ergonomic risks of professional pizza maker with the aim of identifying the main causes of fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. Investigations were carried out by selecting a sample of pizza makers (25 people) whose anthropometric data were recorded and videos and pictures were acquired during the working process for postural analysis; subjective (dis)comfort perceptions and efforts are investigated through an ad-hoc questionnaire. Digital Human Modelling software (DELMIA® by Dassault Systèmes) was used for the postural analysis and for Ergonomics analysis by RULA method. Dealing with pain and MSD, questionnaires revealed that back-muscles, neck and hands are the most frequently mentioned. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS©, in order to correlate the investigated factors with the anthropometric variables and the (dis)comfort perception. The results emphasize the importance of targeted ergonomic interventions with the goal of reducing the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders and improving the working conditions of pizza makers.
Rosaria Califano, Antonio Cannavacciuolo, Antonio D'Auria, Alessandro Naddeo
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National Observatory of Social and Solidarity Economy Projects, Pronaces, Research Networks and 2030 Agenda
The National Observatory of Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) Projects is a strategic instrument designed to articulate applied research, public policy, and sustainable territorial development in Mexico. Its structure integrates the principles of the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE), the National Strategic Programs (PRONACES), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda, through the Systemic Quintuple Helix (QHS) methodology, widely documented in recent studies (Martínez Gutiérrez, 2025; Martínez‑Gutierrez et al., 2024). This methodology brings together government, academia, enterprises, associations, and consultants to strengthen social innovation ecosystems and generate evidence for decision‑making. This article describes the conceptual, methodological, and operational structure of the Observatory, as well as the results derived from its implementation across the Northern, Central, and Southern regions of the country through the Social and Solidarity Economy Research Network (RIESS), recognized for its national reach (Martínez Gutiérrez et al., 2025). Experiences related to the consolidation of SSE Development Nodes (NODESS), the preparation of Voluntary Local Reviews (VLRs), capacity‑building programs, and the systematization of community projects are analyzed. Findings show significant progress in multilevel governance, community participation, institutional strengthening, and the generation of systemic indicators, aligned with international literature on SDG traceability (Martínez Gutiérrez & Jiménez Bernardino, 2026). The article concludes that the Observatory is a replicable and scalable model for strengthening territorial capacities, with the potential to consolidate a national ecosystem of 100 VLRs and contribute to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda.
Rodolfo Martinez Gutierrez, Sonia Moreno Cabral, Beatriz Chavez Ceja, Angel Ernesto Jimenez Bernardino, Armando Alberto Leon Lopez, Jose Daniel Padilla de la Rosa, Artemio Lara Chavez, Karina Lopez Valle, Veronica Quintero, Susana Montes Olande
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