Reliable Outdoor Localization for Mixed Reality Object Placement and User localization

Abstract

Mixed reality in outdoor settings requires localization systems capable of maintaining stable spatial anchors, precise object positioning, and accurate user directionality despite the complexities of real-world conditions. Outdoor MR applications are limited by factors such as variable lighting conditions, terrain obstructions, moving objects, and inconsistent network connectivity. These factors directly affect the reliability of virtual projection andthe persistence of virtual content, and the user's ability to interact with MR elements in a meaningful and context-aware manner. The key challenge for creating usable outdoor Mixed Reality applications is ensuring that virtual objects accurately correspond with their physical counterparts. Our work focuses on enabling robust visualization of mixed reality objects, rather than prioritizing any single positioning technology. We have designed a localization pipeline that combines different technologies, specifically for use in outdoor MR environments, where the stability of the virtual content is more important than the raw GPS signal. The approach combines SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) with GNSS data to provide both globally accurate positioning and locally stable tracking. SLAM provides continuous motion estimation and high-frequency orientation tracking necessary for rendering MR content without drift. At the same time, GNSS adds an absolute reference frame that keeps MR objects anchored to fixed points across large outdoor areas. This fusion allows MR systems to place, persist, and share virtual objects with significantly improved fidelity. Annotations, navigation indicators, and shared spatial references remain consistently aligned despite the user navigating complex outdoor environments. The improved orientation estimation ensures accurate representation of the user's viewing direction, thereby facilitating precise interaction with MR elements. Outdoor MR applications, including inspection workflows, field maintenance, security operations, and multi-user collaboration, benefit from consistent, reliable visual projections. This work shows a practical method for providing high-precision outdoor MR experiences by focusing on MR stability and only using multi-sensor fusion, when necessary, to compensate for the limitations of traditional tracking techniques.

Keywords: Mixed Reality, Outdoor Localization, SLAM, GNSS, Sensor Fusion, Object Placement, Outdoor MR Systems

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1007544