AHFE Open AccessHuman Factors in Management and Leadership
Editors: Salman Nazir
Topics: Management and Leadership
Publication Date: 2022
ISBN: 978-1-958651-31-5
DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1002223
Articles
Digital technology as a tool for the growth of Mexican SMEs in San Luis Potosi
In a world of constant change and accelerated growth, the use of information systems based on digital technology, integrated into manufacturing processes and resource management, has become a necessity for Mexican small and medium-sized companies (SMEs). who intend to grow globally and maintain their competitiveness in the market in which they operate. They see digital technologies as a tool that would allow them to achieve their development and growth plans, based on the concept of exponential growth organizations who, without many physical resources but with intensive use of technology, have managed to grow in short periods of time. However, it is not so simple, they face greater challenges such the lack of expert personnel to advise and guide them in the implementation and management of the technology, this is a barrier that they must overcome. This paper presents the challenges and opportunities of the use of digital technologies a ass a tool to promote the growth of the Mexican SMEs established in the state of San Luis Potosí, in global markets,
Patricia Castillo-Galván, Juan José Mendez Palacios
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Securing Project Goals: The Art of Guarding against Construction Project Failure
Construction project failures are often attributed to the slackness of different project stakeholders. However, it is important to note that the success or failure of construction projects can span from characteristics that could either be internal or external to the project. Avoiding project failures that could lead to premature project closure is pertinent in all projects. Every project’s goal is to fulfil its objectives and ultimately reach a successful ending. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the measures that secure project goals and, by extension, lead to success in projects. Thus, this study explores the success factors of construction projects and how failure can be avoided. Data for the study was gathered through a survey of construction professionals in South Africa. The questionnaire survey was designed to collect data pertinent to achieving the aim of the study. The data gathered was analysed using descriptive analysis to rank the measured factors. The results revealed that effectively planning for and managing all the resources needed for a project are the important elements that should be considered for guarding against premature closure of construction projects. Resources encompassing human resources, material resources, machinery resources must be properly and adequately provided for projects to reduce the probability of project flow interruption, thus reducing the risk of closing projects prematurely.
Olushola Akinshipe, Clinton Aigbavboa, Douglas Aghimien, Ayodeji Oke
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Failure of Construction Projects: Exploring the Impacts on the Society
All projects, regardless of complexity, are usually bounded by a predefined start and end date within which project objectives must be met. On the other hand, some projects may end up being abandoned if the predetermined construction performance parameters cannot be met within the specified timeframe. These project failures can impact both the animate and inanimate elements environments. It is therefore pertinent to explore the societal impacts of construction project failures. Hence, this study examines the effects of project failure on the internal and external project environment. In conducting this research, a systematic literature review was conducted. In addition, primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey of the construction professionals within South Africa. Collected data were analysed by ranking the examined factors using their mean item scores. Findings from the study revealed three classes of impacts: impacts on the client, impact on the Project Team Members, and impact on the economy. Results revealed that client’s reputation, economic value of the area and team members’ psychosocial attitude towards the project were most affected by project failures. Ultimately, when a project fails, all stakeholders must be effectively involved in the closure process to ensure an absence of or reduced animosity towards the project. Additionally, properly closing failed projects with all stakeholders’ involvement guarantees that the project at its current state is put to the best possible use, partially meeting some objectives and will not be a total loss to society’s economy.
Olushola Akinshipe, Clinton Aigbavboa, Nokulunga Mashwama, Didi Thwala
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Causes of Conflict in the South African Construction Industry
The objective of this research was to determine the causes dispute and conflict within the South African construction industry. The research begins at looking at the reviewed literature. The data was collected through a questionnaire which was distributed to construction professionals based in South Africa. Ninety-one (91) questionnaires were received from one hundred and twenty (120) sent out, 76 per cent response rate.Mean item score was used to rank the findings. Based on the score ranking from the causes of conflict in the south African construction industry. Design errors as a cause revealed that cheap design team hired instead of quality design team was ranked 3,79, followed by inadequate briefing of the design team which was ranked 3,67, ranked last was inept design team with a rank of 3,47. This study revealed that contract variations are the number one causes of conflict; this is a known fact as the South African construction industry is known to have a problem with budget overrun. It is recommended that clients must ensure that their demand for design changes during the construction period should have no adverse effects on the critical activities so as to avoid causing delays
Matthieu Ilunga Bodika, Clinton Aigbavboa, Ifije Ohiomah, Nita Sukdeo
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Learning from existing errors: External stakeholders’ impact on road infrastructure projects
Road infrastructure improves a country’s economy through the transportation of goods and resources while providing access to various facilities. To attain success on road construction projects, it is essential to engage the external stakeholders involved to avoid controversies and conflicts at the project’s execution phase. This study is aimed at evaluating the impact of stakeholders on the successful execution of road projects. The paper adopted a quantitative approach in investigating external stakeholders’ impact on a road construction project in South Africa. Data for this study was collected using both primary and secondary sources. A 76% rate of retrieval was achieved using a questionnaire survey, and they were found suitable for analysis. The use of factor analysis in data analysis aided in reducing the large set of factors to four clusters. According to the findings, community unrest was at the forefront, followed by slow responses from existing service providers; project delays; poor relationships among service providers; a negative attitude toward the project; regular changes in local authority rules, regulations, and protocol; and resistance to relocating property. According to the findings, stakeholder involvement encourages the general people to share information with regulatory bodies. This will assist authorities in making better-informed decisions, thereby reducing the possibility of project failure. This study will be useful to construction professionals in enhancing the successful completion of road projects while knowing when to involve external stakeholders for smooth running of road construction projects in developing countries.
Opeoluwa Akinradewo, Winnie Mushatu, Nokulunga Mashwama, Clinton Aigbavboa, Didi Thwala
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Exploration of Building Information Modelling in the Nigerian Construction Industry
This study aims to examine various challenges of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the Nigerian construction industry (NCI). In this study, a quantitative method was used. A sum of 80 questionnaires were sent out, and 57 questionnaires were received back from the construction professionals in Nigeria. The findings revealed major challenges facing BIM in the NCI such as individual opinions concerning BIM, absence of non-integration of model design, inadequate protocol relating to BIM, inadequate protocol relating to BIM, and lack of competent staff. There is need for construction stakeholders to avoid anything causing hindrances to the use of BIM in the NCI. The study objectives were accomplished from the literature as well as questionnaires usage. It is recommended that construction stakeholders need to be careful with the kind of opinion they offer pertaining to the application of BIM in Nigeria.
Benjamen Sunkanmi Adeyemi, Helen Ifedolapo Babalola, Clinton Aigbavboa, Wellington D Thwala
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New Information and Communication Technologies for Public Participation in Ecuadorian Land Management. Case Study Cuenca.
Public participation in Ecuadorian land management has many challenges due to its effectiveness, since most of these processes have taken the form of social information meetings, where proposals are made, known as finished products, evidencing the lack of active citizen involvement.Added to this is the scarcity of tools and methods that lead to a compromise between democratic decision-making and expert scientific knowledge. In this context, these processes require a radical change in which new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are proposed as an alternative, valuing the knowledge and opinions of the population in relation to a given territory.New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) recognize the existence of a new digital ecosystem in which the communication process is freed from the space-time factor, dissociating the experience from the physical space, and making virtual simultaneity and timeless fragmented space possible.This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using these technologies and their contribution to public participation in the land management processes in Cuenca, Ecuador, using Geographic Information Systems for Public Participation as a specific case.
Natalia Pacurucu, Lorena Vivanco, Boris Orellana-Alvear, Alfredo Ordoñez
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Structural challenges to adopt digital transformation in industrial organizations: A multiple case study
Digital Transformation requires significant changes in industrial organization’s setting to remain relevant in this fast-paced environment. This calls for modifications in their organizational structures. The existing organizational structures of industrial organizations are mechanistic, while, digital transformation needs organic and flexible organizational structure. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to identify the main challenges that industrial organizations face in the process of modifying their mechanistic structures into organic structures. To explore these challenges, we conducted multiple case study from three global industrial organizations. We interviewed 41 middle to high-level management personnel. The results of this study highlight six main challenges that industrial organizations need to cope for structural modifications. These challenges are structural rigidity, traditional hierarchy, silos, problems with resource allocations, organizational size and old-fashioned-leadership.
Faisal Imran, Khuram Shahzad, Aurangzeab Aurangzeab Butt, Jussi Kantola
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Participative leadership in healthcare: Which situational contextual factors influence managers’ decision to involve employees?
Today’s technological and societal developments are creating new possibilities for designing an economical, flexible and human-oriented work organization e.g. by facilitating more agile management concepts. Research has been concerned with participative leadership styles for many decades, and these have recently been gaining renewed relevance in meeting the demands placed on leadership in modern management settings. Therefore, existing concepts of participative leadership need to be put to test for today’s work organization.An established concept of participative leadership is the model by Vroom (2000, based on Vroom & Yetton, 1973 and Vroom & Jago, 1988), which distinguishes between different degrees of employee participation in decision-making processes depending on situational contextual factors. Empirical studies show that managers who use a participative decision-making style consistent with the model by Vroom have more productive and satisfied employees as well as higher decision quality (e.g. Paul & Ebadi, 1989, Pasewark & Strawser, 1994). Because this model outlines clear implications for employee participation in decision-making based on if-then operations, it can help young managers in particular to structure decision-making processes and to reflect on how to involve employees depending on specific situational contextual factors.As in other sectors, healthcare is affected by the challenges of today's work organization. As far as leadership is concerned, managers usually learn leadership behavior implicitly and there is a high demand of leadership development and the teaching of useful leadership models (McAlearney, 2006). Therefore, this study focuses on the application of the model on employee participation in decision-making processes in healthcare context and poses the following research question: Which situational contextual factors influence managers’ decision to involve employees?As a first step, literature and semi-structured interviews with healthcare managers were used to identify relevant situational contextual factors in decision-making for healthcare: time pressure, information availability, employee acceptance, employee expertise and employee engagement.In a second step, assumptions about the degree of participation depending on given situational factors in healthcare were formulated, based on empirical findings on the model by Vroom.In a third step, healthcare managers (N=30) were asked to complete a questionnaire indicating what level of participation they would choose for different combinations of the given situational contextual factors in decision-making. Following assumptions regarding participation depending on situational contextual factors were confirmed by the healthcare managers: -If there is time pressure, the manager would make decisions without employee participation. -If employee acceptance is important, there would be a group decision-making process. -If an employee has more knowledge or expertise on a decision problem than the manager, the person would be involved in the decision-making process. -If employees share the organization's goals, they can participate in the decision-making process.The findings show consistency with the decision-making model by Vroom and support the relevance of participative leadership in healthcare. Possibilities for the next step of developing a decision tree that links situational factors with if-then operations and lead to a recommended level of employee participation in decision-making processes in the healthcare context are discussed.
Christina Mayer, Marisa Schirmer, Thushayanthini Sivatheerthan, Susanne Mütze Niewöhner, Verena Nitsch
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AI as a leader - what individual factors influence the acceptance of AI applications that take on leadership tasks?
In times of digital transformation and the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there is a constant power struggle between technology and humans. Due to the advancing development of digitalization, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is no longer a future version. Through various methods, such as machine learning, it is now already possible to work with a large amount of data. The goal of AI development is to support people in the best possible way in both professional and private contexts (Buxmann & Schmidt, 2018). It is already capable of relieving leaders in a company, for example, by allowing routine, steering and/or deployment tasks to be taken over by AI applications, so that leaders have more time for their employees and can focus on the strategic development of their own area of responsibility (Manyika et al., 2017; Offensive Mittelstand, 2018). In the case of an AI manager, his or her successful integration will ultimately depend on whether employees and even other human managers will accept an algorithm's instructions (Sahota & Ashley, 2019). It will be critical to the subsequent successful implementation of AI as a leader to determine what application-specific concerns exist and what specific expectations are placed on the design. Therefore the research question is asked: What individual factors of human leaders and their employees influence the acceptance of AI as a leader? To answer the question, four hypotheses are operationalized in an online survey with N=74 that collects data on leaders' and employees´ acceptance and expectations of AI as a leader. The questionnaire is based on literature and already established instruments. To survey the acceptance of the subjects, the technology acceptance model (TAM) proposed by Davis (1985) is followed by asking the perceived usefulness (PU) and the perceived ease of use (PEU). In the absence of concrete AI applications that embody the identity of an executive, three use cases from the corporate landscape are used as templates for three scenarios (digital cognitive assistant in staff recruitment, in supervision in form of a smart screen and a physical autonomous system in a form of a robot). It is found that technology affinity as well as commitment have an impact on the acceptance of AI leaders. Technology-related factors predicted higher acceptance for an AI leader that is a cognitive assistance in supervision. In this case, participants who indicated more technological expertise or involvement in AI activities perceived AI leaders as easier to use. As expected, the effect of age on perceived ease of use was mediated by technology affinity (for all scenarios and aggregated), such that older respondents had lower technology affinity and thus lower perceptions of the ease of use of AI leaders. In addition, whether the user had managerial responsibilities or not did not matter for acceptance. Most respondents were convinced that AI-powered leadership will change organizations in terms of new job profiles and new skills, however, they did not believe in a radical transformation any time soon. The obligatory requirements are to work as transparently as possible. The first step has been taken, which now needs to be confirmed in a broad-based study.
Deborah Petrat, Lucas Polanski-Schräder, Ilker Yenice, Lukas Bier, Ilka Subtil
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How to support the appropriate method selection in design-technology-convergence?
Technical products have an increasing variety of functions. This leads, on the one hand, to a continuously increasing product complexity. On the other hand, the actual development work also becomes more complex. Due to this fact, interdisciplinary and flexible development is becoming essential to maintain competitiveness. Project managers are increasingly confronted with major decisions. They range from fundamental product decisions to the selection of suitable method support. In order to be able to make adequate decisions in this volatile and complex development environment, valid basis and support for decision-making are required. The aim of this contribution is, in the special context of the so-called design-technology convergence, i.e., the early stages of product development (PD), to provide both a possibility for determining and evaluating the project-status and a support for the selection of adequate development methods.METHODSOur investigation is divided into two core areas: On the one hand, Key-Performance-Indicators (KPIs) for the general tracking of the development project, especially in the convergence between design and technology development are investigated. On the other hand, we focused on other indicators for the selection of development methods.In a first step, a systematic literature review was conducted. Subsequently, known development methods and KPIs were analyzed regarding their suitability for application as indicators for method choice. Based on this fundamental consideration, interviews with experts in the field of design-technique-convergence (D-T-C) were conducted to extract process-typical indicators. Based on the research, the analysis as well as the results of the interviews, a first approach is derived how a decision support for the use of methods in a development project can be realized.RESULTSIt is apparent that product complexity is currently the main topic in the literature. This consists of various objectively describable factors and is directly correlated with development complexity. First research tries to make this development complexity manageable by organizational ways, like capacity-planning-tools. The possibility over purposeful and situational method selection to handle the complexity with the development is considered however only insufficiently. Also, for the evaluation of the project progress no specific approaches exist and are mostly only generically regarded. This is mainly due to a large variance in project-dependent conditions, which ultimately do not allow a transferable/comparable application of KPIs. Furthermore, especially in the early phases of the PD, there are still unspecific and evolving requirements that are difficult to objectify. Ultimately, the results show that a new approach is needed that not only takes into account a distinction between project-status indicators but also method indicators. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOKIn the context of this contribution, we took a detailed look at the generic term "development complexity". Thereby, we primarily focused on the examination of the two components of this complexity form: project-status indicators and development step indicators. Lastly, we were able to derive a first approach for necessary indicators from the literature and from direct needs in the D-T-C. We will further develop these subsequently to create a decision support tool and evaluate the level of support.
Florian Reichelt, Daniel Holder, Paulina Bosch, Thomas Maier
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Accommodating Employee Preferences in Algorithmic Worker-Workplace Allocation
Since many processes in logistics are difficult to automate, employees will continue to be a crucial part of the logistics ecosystem. Allocating employees to tasks on the shop floor continues to be essential, but should focus more on personal preferences. Traditional allocation systems have hardly taken employee preferences into consideration. We ensure that workers can specify their preferences in more detail, and enable best-fit allocation of workers and tasks. To gather information about employee preferences, we designed a survey that can be completed quickly and allows us to get information about employee preferences. We have developed a solution for our preference-based scheduling, namely a hybrid AI algorithm. The solution is discussed for our use case: matching employees to workplaces in logistics. With this work we contribute to a transparent consideration of preferences in scheduling and show details of the algorithm. We aim to extend research in this area with our open source code on github.
Charlotte Haid, Sebastian Stohrer, Charlotte Unruh, Tim Büthe, Johannes Fottner
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What do you like or dislike about your work? First explorations on a general feeling of work
Workers habitually say « I love my job » or « I hate my work » to define what they like or dislike about their professional situation. Thus, love and hate of work are often confused with other concepts: pleasure, suffering, commitment, satisfaction, well-being... Rare are the definitions of love or hate of work. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it proposes a conceptualization of the love and hate of work, as a “general feeling of work”. Second, it presents an automated textual analysis (performed with the IRaMuTeQ system) on 7359 French employees in 29 companies. Third, it gives recommendations for promoting love of work and reducing hate of work. On the one hand, professional opportunities, positive relationships, autonomy, diversity, work content develop love, and on the other hand, lack of opportunity, deleterious relationships, hierarchical failures, excessive demands, and poor working conditions lead to dislike job.
Eric Brangier, Blandine Brangier
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The task of the leader in today's media industry
In the first and second decades of the 21st century, the media industry underwent an intense digital transformation. This transformation made their products and services go digital. The media began to take advantage of technologies such as mobile networks, cloud storage, and high internet speeds. What made the media have to constantly innovate. Therefore, in these crucial moments, it is necessary for there to be leaders who influence, keep awake and motivate human talent, so that new opportunities are taken advantage of through innovation. This paper analyzes the current state of the media industry and notes some variables that the leader must consider, for example, the value chain and new technologies. In addition to the external forces that Alborran (2011) considers: globalization, regulation, the economy and social aspects. In this research, the importance of leadership is established and the tasks of the leaders of the media industry are indicated, for example, to generate a quality environment that favors innovation and creativity, since the natural and organizational barriers to innovation must be broken.
Cristian Londoño
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Foreign Direct Investments in the South African Construction Industry: Promulgating the Inherent Benefits
One of the key indicators of the viability of the economy of any nation is the aggregate output of its construction industry. To this end, it is highly encouraged that significant investment portions of any country should be devoted to capital investment to spur development and ultimately boost the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, capital projects are usually attributed with the demands of enormous financial input, hence, due to low gross domestic savings, alternative source of financing such as foreign direct investment (FDI) as against the conventional government-sourced financing experienced in most developing countries is highly encouraged. In the light of the aforementioned, this study assesses the benefits of FDI in the South African construction industry. Construction professionals formed the population of the study, while the data elicited from the respondents was analysed with appropriate analytical tools. Findings from the study shows that the most significant benefits of the flow of FDI into the South African construction industry are technology transfer, enhanced productivity and human resource development. Conclusively, the study makes recommendations that would help in stimulating the flow of FDI into the construction industry in South Africa considering the inherent benefits as revealed in its findings.
Matthew Ikuabe, Olushola Akinshipe, Clinton Aigbavboa, Andrew Ebekozien, Ayodeji Oke, Romane Mofokeng
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Interrelation of organizational climate of trust, the trust profile of leaders and business performance
Recent research on the role of trust for productivity, innovativeness and the effectiveness of change of business organizations (1) has shown a significant interaction of the individual trust profile of leaders, the psychological contract between the leadership of an organization and its members, and the trust climate of the organization.Trust climate in turn has been shown by empirical studies to have a so far underestimated bearing on how effectively people work together in business processes, how innovative ideas and projects are treated, and how strong the buy-in is in strategic and organizational change.The Trust Management Institute has – working with an academic advisory board and a business executives advisory board – built on these research findings to develop psychometric approaches for assessing the trust climate of organizations, the individual trust profile of leaders, and the quality of the (unwritten) psychological contract in organizations. Thus, we are able to trace weaknesses of an organization’s trust climate back to assessable flaws in the trust profile of its leaders in terms of their self-confidence, their interpersonal relations, their behavior in team situations and their decision-making patterns. In fact, the characteristics of the trust climate of an organization, e.g. the quality of communication, its employees’ commitment, cooperation and views of the future potential of the organization, has been shown to be largely conditioned by the trust profile of individual leaders and the employees’ reading of the psychological contract resulting from their behavior.Comparative case studies by the Trust Management Institute and others (2) in a number of companies, based on psychometric surveys with samples of employees and managers, indicate that a positive climate of trust favors readiness to constructively work towards a common result. A poor climate of trust, on the other hand, typically leads to more control and bureaucracy and slows down innovation.The approach to the assessment of the trust climate is to ask the participants in a structured sample to rate a battery of operational statements on a scale of true to false. The consolidated result reveals reasons for the extent to which trust exists or is missing, and the segmentation by functional and hierarchical sub-samples points to the causes of trustworthiness or mistrust.An interesting finding of our empirical work is that poor individual trust profiles and the resulting damage to the climate of trust in an organization is often the consequence of poor communication, a lack of openness and a control-minded leadership style. By creating awareness of these flaws and stimulating corrective behavioral changes, leaders have in many cases been enabled to rebuild the trust which their organization needs to improve performance. Publications:(1)Keuper, F., Sommerlatte, T., Vertrauensbasierte Führung – Devise und Forschung, Springer-Gabler, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2016(2)Sommerlatte,T., Fallou, J.-L., Quintessenz der Vertrauensbildung, Springer-Gabler, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012
Tom Werner Hermann Albert Sommerlatte
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Participative Development for Improving Safety– Collaborative Work Process Analysis in Nuclear Maintenance
Our aim was to apply participative development of safety in the highly proceduralized and strictly managed field of nuclear industry. We used the Collaborative Work Process Analysis method to enhance cooperation in and create a shared view of maintenance across and among the organizational units of a nuclear power plant. We found that this analysis had the potential to promote the participative development of safety and that participative methods are needed in the nuclear industry to facilitate safer and more smoothly flowing work.
Anna Maria Teperi, Ilkka Asikainen, Arja Ala-Laurinaho, Vuokko Puro
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The Impact of Covid-19 on Job Security of Millennial Quantity Surveyors
The covid-19 pandemic brought about disruption, change and challenges in many industries including the construction industry. Quantity Surveyors are the cost consultants of this industry. In 2021, 72% of all quantity surveyors in South Africa were younger than 45 years and the vast majority of this group form part of the millennial cohort. Millennials are the future upon which the quantity surveying profession will build and job security plays a key role when it comes to retaining talent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact covid-19 had on job security of millennial quantity surveyors. A quantitative research design was utilised making use of a questionnaire as research instrument. The questionnaire was distributed nationally by, the Association of South African Quantity Surveyors. The main findings indicate that 63% of millennial quantity surveyors felt that their jobs are not secure anymore and 48% indicated that they were considering emigration. The findings of this paper will be of value to quantity surveying employers as well as associations and professional bodies in the Built Environment.
Elzane Van Eck, Danie Hoffman
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Hotels as an Alternative Property Investment Asset Class and its Funding Challenges in South Africa
Institutional investors and corporates constantly strive for above-inflation yields in relation to investments in traditional real estate assets. This study set out to determine how hotels perform compared to traditional property investment asset classes in terms of investment yields and whether investors (property developers and institutional investment funds) consider the hospitality sector for investment or diversification of current portfolios. Furthermore, to determine how aligned the commercial banks, Development Funding Institutions (DFI), and Section 12J funds are with funding single hotel assets versus portfolio lending, and what their requirements are.Interviews were conducted to obtain in-depth and rich information from purposively selected respondents with experience in the sector after completing a preparatory questionnaire. Respondents included property developers, investors, financiers, tour operators, and hotel operators. Historically, hotel investors were very specific in their investment asset classes and usually solely focused on hospitality assets (specialist investors). This has changed with an increase in generalist investors coming to the market with exposure in a diversity of asset classes including the hospitality sector, and other alternative asset classes.Funding challenges, due to the operational risk associated with Hotel Management Agreements (HMA) is perceived by both financiers and developers or investors. Leases are the preferred income model but are seldom available in the hospitality sector, and often those that are made available, may not provide strong covenants required by financiers and developers or investors. Alternative funding is available in the form of Section 12J Venture Capital Companies (VCC) or from DFI’s, but both have their limitations. Recommendations for further research include funding challenges for a development or acquisition strategy at a single asset and portfolio level and expansion to Sub-Saharan Africa as it impacts many investors and international hotels brands with exposure in these regions.
Laetitia Cook, Fabio Walter Nava
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Factors Affecting Total Quality Management Implementation in the Construction Industry
Total quality management (TQM) is an organisation idea that regularly enhances the superiority of products as well as services by concentrating on the customers’ necessities and desires to improve customer satisfaction. This paper aimed to review previous literatures on various issues affecting TQM implementation in the construction industry such as absence of benchmarking, employee confrontation to change, absence of understanding, inadequate preparation, absence of top management obligation, absence of customer focus, absence of rewards and acknowledgment, inadequate evaluation processes, insufficient fund, inefficient management, inadequate raw materials, lack of proper communication and unproductive leadership. This research source for information through recognised articles in journals, conference papers, government reports and so on. The findings from the extensive literature review form previous studies are cross-sectional. According to the previous research, it was revealed that those challenges of total quality management are vary. It is recommended that construction stakeholders should always avoid any obstacle that can affect total quality management in the construction industry.
Benjamen Sunkanmi Adeyemi, Clinton Aigbavboa, Wellington D Thwala
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