Usability of Respirators for Wildland (W) and Wildland Urban Interface (WUI)

Abstract

This pilot study compared the design influences of three Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPRs) and one no-respirator condition. A repeated measures test was employed to collect qualitative and quantitative data on firefighters who performed three exercises (confidence course, sledgehammer, and tower climb with hose) during an exercise evolution. To assess the fit, form, and function of PAPRs during simulated work activities, both qualitative (Survey, focus group “debriefs”, BORG RPE) and quantitative measures (physiological measurements including but not limited to HR, HRV, breathing rate) were collected prior to the testing session, during the testing session and at the end of the data collection session. Overall, the participants generally expressed openness to respiratory protection; however, dissatisfaction with specific aspects of the fit, form, comfort, and function of each respirator model was evident. The findings underscore the need for design improvements focusing on functionality, fit, comfort, and form factor, particularly regarding system integration with existing wildland firefighting gear and operational practices. These results provide a framework for prioritizing the approval of universal and modular components in future respiratory protection designs. This framework also supports a holistic approach to the design and integration of respiratory gear that addresses specific requirements of wildland and wildland-urban interface firefighting across individual roles, specific processes, and variable conditions. Devices B-C and B-D demonstrated advantages in breathing under exertion and seal integrity, whereas Device F demonstrated advantages in communication clarity. Durability-related features showed minimal differentiation. Findings are exploratory and require confirmation in larger samples.

Keywords: Respirators, PAPRs, Wildland Firefighters, Respiratory Protection

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1008059