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AHFE International
Accelerating Open Access Science in Human Factors Engineering and Human-Centered Computing

Human Factors in Architecture, Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure

book-cover

Editors: Alicja Maciejko

Topics: Sustainable Urban Planning and Infrastructure

Publication Date: 2022

ISBN: 978-1-958651-34-6

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1002325

Articles

Sustainable Design of Commercial and Residential Complexes - An Example of Wantun Community Project

High-rise commercial and residential buildings are a type of building that has been developing rapidly in urban centers in recent years. With the continuous development of urbanization, it has an increasing impact on the sustainable development of the human living environment, and the study of the sustainable design of such high-rise commercial and residential buildings is a matter of great urgency. Human society has entered the ecological era, and all aspects of the social economy are increasingly labeled as eco-friendly and sustainable in the development process. High-rise commercial and residential buildings, because of their comprehensive functions, are bound to bring the defects of high energy consumption and high pollution. Therefore, the design of high-rise commercial and residential buildings should be based on the principle of sustainable design, scientific and reasonable planning of the building plan, and the implementation of high utilization rate of building functions to ensure that the building can comply with the principles of ecological and environmental protection and sustainable development, which is the development trend of high-rise commercial and residential building planning and architectural design at present and for a long time in the future. This paper analyzes the necessity of sustainable design for commercial and residential complexes in modern cities, and examines the sustainable design of high-rise commercial and residential complexes in detail in terms of the plan layout of building units and traffic organization design, taking into account the design practice of the Wantun community.

Xia Wei, Wojciech Bonenberg, Mo Zhou, Jinzhong Wang
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Frontier Analysis of Resilience Research in Design Ecology

The epidemic has once again made urban resilience a core argument for responding urban crises while ensuring urban safety. As an important research field of design ecology, resilience make contributes to build a healthier and sustainable city, which urgently need further research and development. This paper takes 11896 literature retrieved from the Web of Science TM core collection database and 629 literature retrieved from CNKI from 2006 to 2021 as the research object. Using CiteSpace scientific knowledge visualization software, combined with literature content analysis and interpretation, this paper sorts out the general situation of its development then identifies research hot spot and frontier. Results show that:(1)the previous studies mainly focus on resilient cities, sponge cities, stormwater management, resilient landscapes, sustainable design and blue-green infrastructure; (2) the frontier of resilience research in design ecology is: climate change, community resilience, disaster response, risk assessment, etc. In addition, compared with foreign scientific research orientation, domestic research mainly focuses on practical applications in planning and design, lacking systematic theoretical and technical research support. In conclusion, points out the shortage of resilience research and how to put forward the future research. Finally, it meets the needs of building resilient cities in the 14th Five-Year Plan, providing guidance and method reference for the follow-up researches of resilience.

Xiaoxi Pan
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Design of University Roof Public Space Based on Multi-dimensional Emotional Experience

Background: The global environment is gradually deteriorating, environmental problems are beginning to attract attention, urban green area and water surface area is getting smaller and smaller, but the roof as a side of the building is often neglected, is a piece of space environment in the city has not been fully developed. The form of green roof can take into account the architectural landscape, extend the life of the building, and also improve the urban ecological environment. Based on the consideration of ecological environment and development space, the roof of the School of Mechanical Engineering at Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Changshan Campus, which will be officially opened in 2020, can be used as a rooftop garden to create an activity space for teachers and students that optimizes the rooftop environment and extends the life of the building.Research Objective: This paper is designed from the needs of the audience, combining ergonomics for space partitioning and proposing design priorities. By analyzing the audience's needs for different functional partitions, the way of interaction between the audience and the environment in the space is designed to solve the problem of sustainable utilization of rooftop resources.Research Methodology: This paper establishes a theoretical knowledge system by studying the development history of rooftop gardens and basic knowledge such as design principles, analyzes the environment and audience population, and combines ergonomics to focus on functional design and related details. A questionnaire survey was conducted among school teachers and students. 90.1% of the audience considered the aesthetic appearance of the rooftop garden to be the most important, followed by function and quality. 96.9% of the audience wanted a suitable space for rest and conversation in the rooftop garden, followed by a reading and learning space and a viewing platform.Findings: The design takes into account roof safety, ergonomics, and the usage needs of campus students and faculty, and divides the roof plan into five zones to create a spatial environment with different functions. Finally, based on ergonomics, the design of tables and chairs for the roof garden, the design of interactive landscape facilities and the design of rainwater retention performance are combined with suitable human size parameters to create a sustainable roof space with both aesthetics and multifunctionality around the above design focus. Specific design elements are as follows.(1) The table and chair area provides an open space for people to rest and study. It is made in the form of a tree table. The shape is transformed from a gear form to a more rounded and gentle organic form. The shape of the table and chairs match the physiological curve of the human body, which is ergonomic and feels natural and comfortable in the hand, and the size of the chairs reach 90% and 95% of the population size data.(2) The interactive landscape installation in the entrance area is a circular gravity-sensitive swing, with curves that fit the human body and sensing lights that allow teachers and students to visualize the flow of people in the garden. It makes the interaction between people and the environment more intimate, allowing users to generate and transmit emotions, and improving fun and playability.(3) Design three water storage tanks for storing water, with specifications set at 1 m×1 m×0.5 m. The storage tanks and control boxes are set on the top outdoor ground and designed as an automatic irrigation system that can collect, purify and reuse rainwater, allowing the roof to solve the problem of rainwater resource utilization while improving ecology.Significance of the study: The rooftop garden is significant in that it makes use of the space resources that have been set aside to green the campus and improve the ecological environment on the one hand; on the other hand, it provides space for teachers and students to engage in leisure activities, regulates people's psychological state and improves their quality of life. It improves the quality and value of the building and the ecological environment of the city at the same time.

Huang Keke, Guo Yongyan
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

The effects of the San Gottardo Base Tunnel System on the transformation of cross-border land and its contribution to a more circular economy

The San Gotthard railway base tunnel, located in Switzerland, connects the cities of Ersfeld with Bodio, has an extension of 57 km, and was inaugurated in June 2016. Its construction has generated an integral system, with the purpose of achieving efficient operation. These types of projects generate permanent transformations in urban environments and landscape. Without long-term articulated policies, directed only at economic competitiveness or national development, and leaving aside policies for protecting the environment and strengthening existing infrastructures and intermodal transport, run the risk of being political instruments that devastate the territories where they are implanted.The first project of the San Gotthard base tunnel dates back to 1961, since that date a number of variants have been made to the project in relation to the financing plan, routes, connections, commercial strategies, capacity for transporting people and merchandise, works compensation, among others. At the time the final project was finalized, the intervention of the confederation at different scales was fundamental, generating a set of actions and international agreements that are part of the so-called "Gothard System", adopting measures with a wide variety of areas and among them reveals that it is possible to execute an adequate policy of managing the waste generated by the construction of the tunnel and of transferring merchandise traffic from road to rail through the Swiss Alps.The Gotthard Base Tunnel is considered the longest in the world; it took 17 years to build and thousands of workers to complete. It is part of the European Rhine-Alps rail freight traffic corridor, which runs from the cities of Rotterdam and Zeebrugge in the Netherlands to the Italian city of Genoa. This transport and logistics infrastructure is essential for the correct development of this commercial and communication corridor, the complexity of its operation reaches different scales: transnational, national, multilateral, regional and subnational.The purpose of this study is to develop an approach that shows the experience in Switzerland and the effects of the construction of the San Gotthard base tunnel in the creation of complementary works, such as agricultural and environmental compensations, projects that enhance the intermodal system. Three levels of analysis were identified that involve the cities located in Switzerland and Italy. At the Milan-Zurich metropolitan level, Mendrisio-Stabio-Arcisate-Varese-Gallarate cross-border level, and at the local level the Swiss cantons of Ticino, Uri and Grigioni. Additionally, a brief comparative analysis is carried out with the future base tunnel that will link the French city of Lyon with the Italian city of Turin, in order to identify some of the effects produced by the construction of the San Gotthard base tunnel on the border between Switzerland and the north of Italy.

Zaira Tello
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Building elements from totora stems joined with mechanical systems

For centuries, fast-growing species such as reeds and herbs have been used by ancient cultures to build a wide range of objects from handicrafts to huts and rafts. Several communities worldwide still use these kinds of plants as part of their traditional materials and building techniques. One of these species is totora (Schoenoplectus californicus) which grows in lakes and ponds in the Americas from California to Chile and some Pacific Islands. The most important examples of the use of this plant in the world are the group of floating islands of the Uros in Lake Titicaca and indigenous communities of the Andes, where local peoples have been using totora for more than 500 years applying mechanical joining techniques such as weaving and lashing to build their houses, boats, and utensils. This study focuses on developing new strategies supported by current technological possibilities for joining totora stems using mechanical means to produce building elements and study how the different parameters influence the mechanical properties of the parts made with these techniques.

Juan Hidalgo, Patricio Hidalgo, Alfredo Ordoñez, Boris Orellana-Alvear
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Eisenman’s Conceptual-Generative Diagram: A Creative Interface between Intention, Randomness and Imagination and Space-Form

Digital diagrams are constituted as strategic-communicative-productive intermediate space-matrices among architecture, the architect and the digital machine, and between architecture and other disciplinary fields. According to Stan Allen, diagrams are a map of the possible worlds, a description of potential relationships, where a plethora of functions, actions and configurations are implicit in time, subject to continuous modifications.Alluding to the notions of diagrams, machinic and figural of Deleuze and Guattari, Eisenman’s conceptual-generative diagram functions as a hypertext and a creative and affective interface between intention, randomness and imagination, and architectural space and form. Proposing a new type of reality in a permanent state of evolution and of form-thinking and form-making, they have become a technique or poetic operation that, in addition to representing, also present and evoke, in between order and chaos, intention and the unexpected, mechanical and organic, real and virtual, presence and absence. For Eisenman, diagrams function as a heuristic instrument of criticism in the design process, in search of other spatial and conceptual qualities for a reflection within the discipline of architecture itself. Diagrams are a space-matrix, or as Eisenman puts it, a “meta-writing” in terms of the field of orientations and possibilities to be apprehended and inscribed, first in the project and later in the construction of the architectural place. These possibilities and orientations, guidelines or meanings are not totally contained within the diagram itself, rather they also reside in the intermediate space between the diagram and the observer, creator or architect. Diagrams are an evocative and inspiring space-formal matrix, the contents or evocations of which are not found “embedded” or “enclosed” in their shape or material, rather they are indicated or outlined, in varying degrees of explicitness, as signals or traces, evoking multiple interpretations and reflections. Eisenman uses digital diagrams as a mediating agent or instrument to investigate, explore, create and draw the architectural space within the thematic basis of the interstitial–“the “in-between”. He does so through a process that is intentional, random, interpretive, esthetic and poetic, all at the same time. In contrast to the traditional quest for form that is synthesized in the idea of a box or container, Eisenman proposes an alternative means, through which form or space can be found through a long process in which rational approaches and computerized drawing intermingle, introducing formal randomness, in which the diagram is the mediator. Eisenman refers to that procedure as “spacing”, ”espacement” or ”espaciamiento”, in opposition to “forming”.Eisenman’s conceptual-generative diagram constructs and develops a matrix field of forces and geometries that, acting in the project as a spatial-formal guide, opens up from the first record or first intention, to many possibilities of configuration/definition of the object or architectural place. Consequently, it makes possible the exploration and discovery in architecture of other ways of thinking, imagining and manifesting forms and spaces, that investigate new ways of occupancy and promote other possible ways of life. It is an architecture in which diagrams are constituted as an expression of the figural/imprecise/blurred condition, the traces of which persist in the space-form of the building; a diagram that is both a creative interface between the intrinsic exploration of its defined concepts and the final configured complexity of its spatialities and functional superpositions.

Ana Vasconcelos
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Exploration Of Landscape Perception Of Jinshan Peasant Paintings Village

Shanghai's countryside, despite its limited resources, contributes to the spiritual home of its residents. As a result, it is meaningful to conduct additional research and investigation. Under the current background of rural revitalization, Shanghai is actively exploring the modes of cultural revitalization and tourism revitalization of the countryside. Shanghai has established Jinshan Peasant Painting Village in the certain location to further encourage the development of peasant painting art and better protect local culture. Jinshan District, a creative park in Shanghai's countryside, is based on Jinshan peasant painting and aims to attract peasant painting artists from across the country. The presentation of creative landscape plays an important role in contributing to the creative atmosphere, which is one of the elements for the creative cluster, in terms of attracting creative talents and tourists. Nowadays, the low occupancy rate of peasant painters and a few tourists reveal Jinshan Peasant Painting village's lack of appeal. To gain a better understanding of the complex reasons for this, this study looks into the perspectives of various stakeholders in the painter village's landscape and attempts to investigate the creative park's long-term development from the standpoint of the material environment.Furthermore, it makes some new recommendations for improving the landscape of Jinshan Peasant Paintings village in order to promote better development. In conclusion, tourists of different genders, incomes, sources of information, educational backgrounds, ages, and occupations have obvious differences in their landscape perception of Jinshan peasant painting village from the standpoint of landscape aesthetic characteristics and landscape value perception.

Hanrui Jia, Rui Xu, Youyuan Wang, Wenqian Qiu
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Metro Public Art from the Perspective of Semiotics

With the prosperity and development of China's subway construction, subway space has become an important functional node in the city. Public art first intervened in the subway space interface as a decorative role, and later developed to assume more and more functions. However, the public art design of many subway spaces now only attaches importance to function and form, but ignores the needs of the subject of use. There are many problems such as restricting passenger behavior, ignoring passenger psychology, and not allowing passengers to understand the works. Nowadays, "people-oriented" works of art have become the mainstream, and public art should also change from "aesthetic decoration type" to "humanistic function type". This study attempts to introduce "symbol coding system" from the perspective of semiotics, and analyze and summarize the symbolic semantic communication process of subway space public art. Through literature method, field research method, case analysis method, questionnaire survey method and experimental method, this paper focuses on the diversified and sustainable design thinking in the new era, hoping to provide new solutions and directions for the problems faced by the current subway public art design.

Zihan Xu, Wuzhong Zhou
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Architecture on the Edge of a City

The topic concerns the revitalization of a place by the introduction of a new building whose functionality and architectural uniqueness renew and/or develop the place. To put the problem in a broader perspective - the introduction of a building with a non-threatening function and an attractive form makes a declining or stagnant place suddenly appealing again. This applies to both, the built and natural environment. The restauration of both often requires similar revitalization activities and supporting elements.The presented issue is a part of a broader study that concerns architecture as the fine art of building, covering the topic of sustainability in architectural and urban design. The so-called “human factor” is an essential element for shaping a place. It is an element of urban and architectural design of new places. By creating new and different workplaces in declining or stagnant districts, also by introducing unusual architectural forms or materiality, a place can become attractive to users. Previously declining built or natural environment - suddenly become a desirable, growing place. Contemporary international research conducted by neuroscientists confirms the importance of the desire for beauty in ones surroundings. Thus, architectural beauty becomes a vital and economically significant factor in the shaping of the built and natural environment.Present processes of revitalization are usually supported by emphasising elements that make up the “human factor”. It involves balancing the functionality and beauty of an object as important in creating a PLACE in architecture.The topic is presented on the example of architecture of the following buildings:-Gymnasium and Cultural Center in Białołęka, 2006 is located on the edge between urban and landscape areas, on the right bank of the Vistula escarpment. The architectural form reflects the natural landscape. Traditional materiality blends with the context nearly perfectly. -The small buildings of the Cultural Center, 2013, on the outskirts of Warsaw, create a contrast of geometry and materiality to the high-rise blocks of flats. In its shape and material there is a longing for tradition expressed in a balanced, non-intrusive way.-The Krzysztof Kieślowski Film School in Katowice, 2017. The university building for artistic education was tasked to create a PLACE in a declining district. It impresses with its simplicity and its materiality of the traditional material – brick that is presented in a new, changed form. - Stone Pavilion Golędzinow, 2020 is a small building that tells Warsaw residents about nature conservation. The buildings form was created in the image of a post-glacial fossil. It is an object which shape and materiality seems as if taken directly from the natural world. - Press Glass offices in Konopiska, 2021, built in an unexpected place for this type of building. It is located in a former wasteland which was turned into a golf course. The building is intended to promote the excellence of glass - it reflects the green surroundings, and its form builds the uniqueness and beauty of architecture.The co-author of this publication is the designer of the first and fifth example.

Nina Juzwa, Tomasz Konior, Jakub Świerzawski
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Modular fabric tensile structures

The main purpose of this research is the development of a constructive and structural system, which allows a great dimensional flexibility, portability and plastic expression. Able to create multiple uses spaces like temporary architecture, urban infrastructures, environmental moderators against the physical elements, emergency streets; interior design, sound regulators, pavilions for expositions. This system is based on the understanding and manipulation of structural phenomenological behavior that informs the shape design. Its geometric properties provide the induction of several levels of tension into the textile membranes configuring the surface.The generation of form through structural principal - Structural morphogenesis allows an optimization conception of the Shape and construction processes. This design methodology minimizes the impacts of the construction turn it more sustainable

A. Diogo, Cristina Carvalho, António Morais
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

The importance of the adobe brick for a sustainable architecture in Mexico

For many years, humans have being using the resources of the planet to create a more comfortable way of living without thinking the consequencues. Construction is considered to be one of the areas that generates great impact to the environment.Today, one of the biggest concerns is caring for the environment based on all the premises that sustainability recomends.Since humans became sedentary many great cities have been built with materials like adobe (soil and water) and today are still standing as a clear evidence of durability.In Mexico, adobe is a hardly used material that due to its composition and elaboration process is considered sustainable and should be considered important to analyze its past to propose how to bring the use of this material to the present needs

Marcela De Obaldia, Fabiola Cortes Chavez, Alberto Rossa-Sierra, Mariel Garcia-Hernandez
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Current economic limits of housing affordability in the Czech and Slovak Republics

The unavailability of housing in the Czech and Slovak Republics is a fundamental problem, which is a consequence of many social, economic, political, and behavioural or historical aspects. The housing affordability deficit has the character of a systemic market failure, which is - paradoxically - linked to the growth of prosperity and resulting from the dual nature of the object (housing) in question - it is both an investment product and a de facto mandatory social need. It is an indicated market failure that justifies state intervention and public support. The housing problem no longer affects only the socially disadvantaged and the middle-income groups. Unfortunately, the deficit of housing affordability has a fatal impact on the competitiveness of cities and regions and its social cohesion and environmental and economic sustainability.

Daniela Spirkova, Petr Stepanek, Julius Golej, Barbora Brestovska
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

A Comparison of Physical Environmental Design/Assessment Methods in Elderly Care Facilities between UK and China

This study presented a comparative analysis of design/assessment methods of elderly care facility between UK and China, including eleven British instruments and three Chinese instruments, which were achieved using a systematic review. Two typical assessment methods were chosen to conduct a cross-country comparison, such as EVOLVE (UK) and CASCO (China). Compared with the British instrument, the Chinese method focused on the facility management; there was a clear lack of practical strategies for planning and assessing environmental performances. It is necessary to carry on more studies to develop reliable and valid assessment methods in Chinese elderly care facilities.

Chenran Li, Jiangtao Du
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

A systematic review of investigations into the physical environmental qualities in Chinese elderly care facilities

This systematic review summarized findings from 36 articles on physical environmental qualities in Chinese elderly care facilities, including five topics: 1) assessment methods, 2) physical environmental factors, 3) safety, 4) overall satisfaction and 5) health. There was a lack of effective methods to support both design decision-making and environmental assessment of elderly care facilities by architects and engineers. These studies reviewed can be found with a low potential to develop practical design strategies due to the lack of strong evidence. It is still necessary to carry on investigations into methods/frameworks/strategies to improve environmental qualities in elderly care facilities in China.

Chenran Li, Jiangtao Du, Haniyeh Mohammadpourkarbasi
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Standardization and innovation in military housing, leisure homes and public buildings in the interwar period Poland.

When after WWI Poland regained its independence, in the need to repair war damage the young state saw an opportunity to modernize and visually unify the country after a century of tripartite partitions. The difficult housing conditions severely affected the officers and non-commissioned officers (NCO’s), as the garrisons were established anew and the personnel did not have lodgings from the pre-war times and did not have the funds to purchase them. In 1925, an act was passed establishing the Military Housing Fund with a budget of 140 million polish zotych. In the years 1927-1934, the Fund built 542 houses. One of the mottos of the organization was: to provide sunlight, water supply, sewage systems and bathrooms in all apartments. This guiding principle about hygienic living and the strict economic requirements naturally put military construction on the path of modernism. Modernism was also deprived of any historic connotations and internationally popular, making it the ultimate tool of Europeanization - reducing the difference between Poland and Western Europe.Due to the rank of the institution and the propagandist significance of its investments, the Ministry of Military Affairs often had prestigious locations at its disposal. Many of the designs for these plots were selected through open competitions, leading to the selection of top-class solutions, thanks to the participation of the most important polish modernist architects of the interwar period: R. Gutt, J. Szanajca and B. Lachert. The campaign of housing construction was concentrated mainly in Warsaw, where the percentage of officers and NCO’s in the garrison was high - due to the tasks performed in the Ministry. Guided by the principle of economics of house construction and space ergonomics in the arrangement of apartments, in Warsaw the Fund built mainly multi-family buildings bearing fruit in the form of solutions that have ever since been cited as the canon of Polish modernism. Adhering to these standards typical layouts were worked out for swift and healthy construction and repeated throughout the country. This way, the best cosmopolitan patterns in the second half of the 1930s, when the construction was booming, were also transferred to smaller garrisons, contributing to the modernization of the deep provinces.Apart from the lack of housing, the military and their families suffered from pulmonary diseases and rickets resulting from poor living conditions. In order to remedy these problems, the Fund also dealt with the construction of sanatoriums, hospitals, physical education centers, as well as holiday homes for military personnel.The emerging democratic structures of the reviving state also wanted to be perceived as forward thinking, ordering designs from the Fund. Modernism was well suited for the design of the remaining garrison and state buildings, as they also needed to be functional, affordable to build, easy in maintenance and ergonomic. The influential period journal “Architecture and Construction” mentions such investments as airports, ministry offices, barracks, commanders' villas, etc. all adding up to an image of army as a forward thinking engine of progress.

Marta Rudnicka-Bogusz
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

A Survey of the Association between Perceived Environmental Qualities and Students’ Satisfaction in Chinese High Schools

This article presented an online survey of how perceived environmental qualities affect Chinese students’ satisfaction in urban high schools. Key findings were as follows: 1) There was an association between students’ satisfaction and classroom environmental qualities including perceived qualities of facilities, furniture and wall decoration, indoor climate, indoor plant, and window view. 2) However, social capital and being away can fully mediate the effects of window view and indoor plants, while effects of perceived qualities (facilities, furniture and wall decoration) and indoor climate can be just partially mediated by them.

Yong He, Xi Zhang, Qianchen Guo, Jiangtao Du
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

The Interaction Between Culture and Nature In The Architecture of Eco-Cultural Tourism Development At Koh Kong Province, Cambodia

Along with the tremendous rise of Cambodia's construction sector, Cambodians, particularly those living in cities and rural tourism destinations today, embrace the rising influx of new architectural styles. This aspect has an impact on the value of Khmer architectural and urban aesthetics. Furthermore, the construction of buildings in rural tourist destinations in Cambodia has been considerably influenced by modern architectural features, such as the development of hotels, guesthouses, and resorts. This article's research on the construction of buildings in rural tourism resorts in the Kingdom of Cambodia reveals that the majority of these architectural structures are not motivated to incorporate or showcase Khmer architectural styles. Instead, it emphasizes modern and blended foreign styles that lead to a loss of national identity. Those resorts, on the other hand, do not follow the ideals of sustainable development, causing environmental damage and building structures that are unsuitable for Cambodia's tropical environment.Recognizing that tourism and architecture are inextricably linked and play a significant role in fostering Khmer identity through architectural inspiration in rural tourism as well as tourism promotion. Through field research and literature review, the tourism market in Cambodia will be strengthened as a result of the quick development and continual improvement of the country's tourism industry, while also promoting the effective growth and development of the national economy and allowing other aspects of the country to advance and develop. According to the Ministry of Tourism of the Kingdom of Cambodia's study, "The Planning of Tourism Development 2012 to 2020," which focused particularly on Cambodia's cultural and natural tourism resources. Furthermore, in terms of the Cambodian people's living choices, in recent years, individuals have been engaged in many types of commercial operations, particularly tourism activities, with a good momentum of development. Simultaneously with the continued development and promotion of tourist resorts and hotels, such as those in the Kingdom's sea areas, mountains, and rural regions, other cultural regions will be developed as tourism attractions.Currently, the number of tourists in Cambodia is significantly decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, with an enthusiastic attitude, the Cambodian government aims to promote the development of local tour destinations for each district through creative tourism services in rural areas with the involvement of various partners including private sectors, foreign investors, and from all levels of the government institutions. Andung Tek commune in the Botum Sakor district is facing various problems such as deforestation and overdevelopment that have become more and more harmful to the environment and local people. The paper seeks to address these problems and come up with potential solutions to solve the problems. Additionally, to answer the problems, the project in this article also established long-term planning methods such as disaster prevention, human resource development, and promoting attractive advantage tourism. As a result, uses a housing model with a unique Khmer housing architectural style include interaction design objectives, and home structure and landscape design to promote sustainable development in the areas and to transform the area into an attractive tourist destination for both locals and foreigners.

Panha Ken
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

University High-end Equipment Dynamics and Control Team Laboratory Space Remodeling Design

As China gradually attaches importance to new-built laboratories, more and more laboratory construction and remodeling has been put on schedule, in order to improve the efficiency of university laboratories space utilization. This paper focuses on the research on remodeling design of the High-end Equipment Dynamic and Control Team（DDC）laboratory in School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, under the guidance of participatory design method to meet clients’ need. Participatory design method has been an important guiding principle in this design project. In the design process, designers sought out stakeholders to clarify the difference between designers’ and the users’ thinking, and explored design possibilities with stakeholders based on actual conditions, in order to raise a better design proposal.Before specific implementation, through on-site visit to the laboratories the design team discovered pain points of the laboratory environment. With ergonomics, environmental psychology, aesthetic psychology factors considered, further exploration and consideration of the needs of users were conducted and defined. Afterwards, the proposal has been raised to strive to create a safe, comfortable and beautiful scientific research space for the laboratory stakeholders. After renovated, the laboratory appears to have an unified style, where laboratory space and resources were reasonably arranged, ensuring the laboratory’s daily operation and development.

Tingyu Yang, Qian Ji
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Enhancing Rural Sustainable Development and Rural Innovation through Adaptive Design Strategies

Many rural areas have been facing declining during the rapid urbanization process in various different countries. How to keep rurally sustainable developing with their own characteristics in order to sustain diversification? There are plenty of strategies to boost the rural economy and improve living conditions. This paper is taking a case study from the rural areas in the Greater Poland region, the assessment of adaptive design connecting the strategies to boost the rural development and innovation solutions have been traced during the research work. Furthermore, increasing the local job opportunities and providing innovative technologies for farming and local firms are good proposals, which are beneficial to the rural sustainable revitalization. Adaptive design combing with local regional conditions can provide a guideline for improving rural life quality and preserving the environment in rural areas.

Mo Zhou, Wojciech Bonenberg, Xia Wei, Ling Qi
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Design of Rural Public Cultural Activity Space

Rural public cultural activity space is an important space for villagers to communicate with neighbors. It is also the main place for villagers to conduct daily communication and participate in public affairs. However, at the time of rural development and construction, there has been a situation of integration of rural community space construction and urban space construction. Faced with these problems, this article takes Jinxing Village in China as an example. Starting from the cultural needs of community residents, this article conducts a specific investigation, research and analysis of the current situation of the use of public cultural activity space, in order to deeply explore the public cultural activities and community activities of community residents. It also provides reference and ideas for the design and renewal of other rural public cultural spaces.

Siyi Wang
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Water as a project material: Designing the Tagus Estuary Riparian Limits

Today, especially at a time of mobility restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we recognise the attraction of riverside promenades as well as green areas and paths along drainage corridors. As the water network has become a generator of new urban facades and a trigger of territorial regeneration, it has also come to represent a way towards improving inhabi-tants’ wellbeing and social cohesion. This work analyses 21 realised riverside regeneration projects located in the ‘City of the Tagus Estuary’ – the city set along the Tagus Estuary water system (Lisbon Metropolitan Area, Portugal). The focus is on quality factors and components that work together with the visual stimuli of the green/blue scenes. The work concludes that proximity to water, as a ‘project material’, requires conscious design of the land-water interface and its accessibility, with relevance for the ways of using and contemplating the estuarine landscape.

Caterina Anastasia
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Influence of soundscape in the experience of an urban area: a case study in Rome

Over the last years several studies have demonstrated how the same environment can lead to different perceptual outcomes if the surrounding sounds change. Soundscape studies promote a user-centred approach for the characterization and management of acoustic environments in cities. There are several available protocols to gather perceptual data about how people experience the soundscapes in urban areas, and the most common tool is the “soundwalk”, a procedure where a group of people walks and stops at given locations in order to assess the acoustic environment, using some sound-related attributes (e.g., calm, pleasant, vibrant, chaotic, etc.). This research aims at evaluating the influence that different acoustic conditions together with specific environmental ones can induce on the pedestrians’ perception. In particular, the analysis was carried out within an artistically significant and culturally relevant urban district characterized by different traffic conditions, such as the archaeological area of the Colosseum in Rome. For this purpose, a soundwalk combined with a sound levels measurement campaign was organised in the archaeological area outside the Colosseum, during daytime and night time conditions, with a group of students applying the Method A of the ISO/TS 12913-2:2018, which addresses soundscape data collection. The results show how the correlations between the subjective responses and the measured data are significant and they can vary if the surrounding changes, both in terms of acoustical characteristics and environmental ones.

Francesco Aletta, Francesco Asdrubali, Maria Rosaria De Blasiis, Luca Evangelisti, Claudia Guattari
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Opportunities and challenges of citizen participation in the territorial planning system in Ecuador

Fragmented public action and the limitations to coordinate national and local public policies with the involvement of citizens need to generate spaces and mechanisms for citizen participation linked to the planning processes of the different levels of government. In Ecuador (2008), citizen participation is a constitutional right of mandatory compliance for the entities and instruments part of the National Decentralized System of Participatory Planning. This study aims to analyze the normative aspects of the citizen participation system for territorial planning at the national and subnational level its opportunities. It challenges to promote the involvement of citizens in the formulation and updating of territorial planning instruments. To this end, an in-depth reading of national legislation is carried out, contrasted with the methodological guidelines of the official planning guides and information obtained from interviews with those who participate in the planning process. The results show that the structure of the participation model established constitutionally after a decade of operation has been limited to a legal process of mandatory compliance by the different levels of government. Participation spaces have been developed only at consultative and information levels. Then, there are no legitimacy processes of territorial planning instruments, which are necessary to implement normative and methodological adjustments that contribute to a new culture of the public planning to build the future development of the territory and its ordering.

Lorena Vivanco, Alfredo Ordoñez, Natalia Pacurucu, Boris Orellana-Alvear
Open Access
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Perception and Design of Traditional Village Public Landscape Based on Place Attachment - A Case Study of Futian Town, Jiangxi Province, China

Traditional villages are an important carrier of traditional Chinese culture, and about 35.28% of China's population lives in villages. Because of the loss of local characteristics in public places and over-urbanization of villages, villagers' place attachment needs are not satisfied. Taking Futian town in Jiangxi province as an example, this paper measures the degree of place attachment of residents of different age groups to elements of the village public landscape by using a place attachment questionnaire and villagers' interviews, explores the factors of differences in attachment perceptions of residents of each age group and explores the characteristics of village public landscape that trigger local attachment of local residents.

Wei Huang, Shizhu Lu, Yuqing Guo
Open Access
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Zoning according to type of urban land: The case of Isidro Ayora canton, Guayas, Ecuador.

The growth and development of urban land in the head of the Isidro Ayora canton, Guayas province in Ecuador, lacks adequate zoning and territorial planning. This research paper identifies factors such as homogeneous areas based on geographic, physical and socioeconomic variables. As a starting point, the current model of urban land use was established through the municipal cadastre. This information was corroborated and supplemented with the collection instruments and the applied methodology. The zoning proposal according to the type of urban land yielded satisfactory results when carrying out the analysis under a systemic approach of the variables that intervene in the decision-making process. The planning of the territory, its potential, and the territorial trends are focused on sustainability development.

Fausto Cabrera, Jesús Rafael Hechavarría Hernández, Lorena Sánchez
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Master plan of green areas for the conformation of public spaces after the COVID-19 pandemic. Case study: Isidro Ayora canton, Guayas, Ecuador

In the cities of Ecuador, the green area and public spaces are very important for recreation, interaction with people and the enjoyment of nature. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated significant changes in urban planning when considering green areas and public spaces according to the new demands of distancing for the population. The objective of the research work is to propose the master plan of green areas for the northern area of the cantonal head of Isidro Ayora, as a strategy for the conformation of the public space of free access to the population according to post-pandemic guidelines. The proposal is developed in La Ciénega, located in the northeast of the cantonal head, which is a land declared as a protected area by the Guayas provincial government. From the method of observation, surveys and the use of geographic information programs, the research methodology will be developed that includes: statistical analysis of 198 people according to a sample calculated with the INEC projection, diagnosis of the study sector and development of the intervention polygon through ArcGIS based on results.

Danny Macías, Jesús Rafael Hechavarría Hernández, Lorena Sánchez
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Mapping Intermittent Practices in Lisbon

Worldwide, are emerging several forms of uses of space, activities, expressions, and relationships that enable and empower temporariness and sharing in the urban spaces: it is what we call Intermittent Practices (IP). IP are generating significant changes on the urban context and new challenges to policy, planning, and governance. The research project “Intermittent Lisbon. Temporary uses and sharing practices in the adaptive city” focuses on the distinctive sort of intermittences that occur in the different dimensions of public life, driving urban transformations and causing disruptions in the conventional relations between space, time and use.The present paper stems from this project and reports the mapping, systematization and interpretative reading of a collection of IP case studies. Using previously defined criteria, 10 examples will be addressed, covering the following five areas: 1. Housing and Working; Services, Leisure, Trade, 3. Culture and Artistic Action, 4. Mobility, 5. Public space and Community use.We consider that the reconceptualization of temporariness and sharing can lead to the definition of new disciplinary paradigms in which flexibility and adaptability become fundamental elements of the design processes. Therefore, a critical evaluation of this in progress phenomena is essential and an opportunity to rethink the way we live cities and design them, also in light of the pandemic crisis we have just experienced.Keywords: Intermittent Practices, Lisbon, Temporary uses, Sharing, Adaptive City

Rita Ochoa, Alessia Allegri
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Urban Sustainable Transportation: Environmental Aspect

The paper deals with the analysis the environmental aspect of Urban sustainable transportation. The role of ecological situation in cities for maintenance of urban sustainable transportation is comprehensively examined. The author pointed out that the estimation of the rate emission level Nitrogen dioxide is crucial for im-proving current situation in Urban management. The proposed models were esti-mated using data collected in the cities by World Bank and were compared to de-termine which of them presented the best fit end the variables. The estimated models were useful in highlighting how different urban transportation factor to in-fluence on the rate of Nitrogen dioxide emission level.

Maryna Averkyna
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Early Impact of COVID-19 on Private Sector Income Earners Homeownership Delivery in Nigerian Cities: Issues and Possible Solutions

Studies showed that the private sector positively influences the country’s economic growth. The Nigerian Government housing policies and programmes tailored towards homeownership may not have favoured the private sector. The COVID-19 crisis might have compounded the issue. There are scarce studies concerning private sector income earners’ (PSIE) homeownership in the COVID-19 era. Therefore, the paper investigated the perceived early negative impacts of COVID-19 on PSIE and proffered measures to improve homeownership across Nigerian cities. Given the unexplored dimension of the issue, a qualitative research method was employed via virtual interviews. Thirty semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted with knowledgeable participants across Nigeria. Each geo-political zone was represented, and saturation was achieved. The researchers collated the data and thematically analysed them. Findings show that housing policies and programmes are pro-public sector homeownership. Also, it reveals that the private sector businesses are worse hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings will offer a rich insight into the influence of COVID-19 on PSIE and contribute towards informing key stakeholders, especially government, to revamp housing policies and programmes towards private sector homeownership in Nigeria’s cities.

Andrew Ebekozien, Clinton Aigbavboa
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Environmentally Sustainable Construction implementation in Ghana: Perspective of professionals working with contractors

The study was conducted to determine the professionals’ perceptions of contractors providing design and construction solutions utilising sustainable construction practice standards. The core motive was to drive and enable SME construction firms to have the adaptive capacity to deliver construction projects in an environmentally sustainable manner to contribute to global sustainable development goals. A qualitative research approach complemented by face to face and virtual interviews were adopted. The data obtained brought out the meaningful and socially salient findings to benefit adaptive capacity. Interviewees included professionally registered members from the Ghana Institution of Engineering (GhIE) working with contractors, the Ghana Institution of Surveyors (GhIS) working with contractors, and the Ghana Institute of Architects (GIA) working with contractors. The findings of the interview survey revealed that the overall construction teams believe in having education and training and a centralised information hub with government support to ensure environmentally sustainable construction. It is recommended that the government, corporate, and professional institutions’ desire to preserve the country’s ecosystem be guided by this study’s adaptive capacity implementation guidelines.Keywords – Adaptive Capacity, Environmentally sustainable construction, Small and Medium-Sized Firms, Sustainable development

Mark Pim-Wusu, Clinton Aigbavboa, Didi Thwala
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Strategic urban planning of the banks of the Daule river: Case study in Guayas, Ecuador.

The strategic location of the neighborhood “Entrada a Daule” on the banks of the Daule River has led to a disorderly increase in informal settlements over the past decades as result of its proximity to the city of Guayaquil. This study proposes an urban planning that is oriented towards sustainable, organized, and planned development contemplating conditions for environmental development, economic and social growth that are conceived in the assessed region. Therefore, based on the identified variables, it is sought to meet the following objectives: inclusive and equitable resilient urban planning; strengthen local govern through a real citizen participation by carrying out the “Right to the City”; and characterize the existing natural element of the territory as a limiting factor in the creation of land use regulations. In summary, the urban intervention plan aims to recover the dynamics and landscape environmental characterization of the region to achieve a sustainable and comprehensive future in terms of city projection and construction policies.

Dennisse Alvarez Macias, Jesús Rafael Hechavarría Hernández, Maria Pin
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Strategic urban mobility plan: Case study in the central area of Daule city, Ecuador.

In recent decades, urban mobility problems have increased in the city of Daule, Ecuador, due to the indiscriminate growth of the central zone. These problems are due to vehicular congestion and negative social and environmental impacts on the quality of life and the deterioration of the urban image caused by the increase in motorized transport. The urban mobility model that is presented seeks to contribute to sustainability and increase safety through a strategy that promotes public transport and non-motorized transport based population's displacement needs and care of the environment. The research design is exploratory and descriptive based on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the appearance and diagnosis of the general characteristics of the sector. The graphic results are obtained with ArcGis where Jan Gehl's methodology on urban architecture is applied, which allows considering the human dimension of public space according to the scope B-Sustainable Mobility.

Diana Salinas, Jesús Rafael Hechavarría Hernández, Maria Pin
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Sustainable Urban Delta: The Inspiration to PRD through the Comparative Analysis of Netherlands Reclamation History

Due to the significant demand for land resources and rapid urbanization, reclamation has become one of the essential choices for developing coastal cities. However, the intensive reclamation projects lead to the high vulnerability of the delta. Attention to the general discussion of ecological security, vulnerability, and sustainability has proliferated in recent years, but insufficient attention has been paid to a detailed explanation of the specific human activities' impact on the overall delta from a narrative historical aspect. In this article, the Deltas of Netherlands and Pearl River Delta (PRD) in multiple scales are selected as cases. The two deltas share similarities in geography, physical system description, ecological system, management Issues, and human activities. The comparative analysis offers a means to improve the understanding of mechanisms for addressing ecological vulnerability by comparing two deltas in social and environmental aspects.The analysis section elaborates the similar reclamation history of two deltas by the sequence of three stages. By comparing the diverse responses of respective projects in macroscale and microscale with similar morphological and ecological features, it is effortless to improve the understanding of reactive mechanisms of systems, which directly affect the vulnerability index. The Vulnerability index will also be listed and elaborated corresponding to the historical stages. Moreover, successful examples of the Netherlands show the advanced experiments in guild thinking, governance, strategies. Thus, the comparative analysis provides comprehensive syntheses, mechanistic insights, and feasible alternatives to PRD. And beneficial guidance to develop a sustainable urban delta could be proposed.

Yu Liu, Peter Hasdell
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Construction Information Management: The role of Fourth Industrial Revolution Tools

Construction Information management is the act of collecting, storing, distributing, archiving and deleting or destroying information to facilitate smooth running of construction projects. This information is important for planning, budgeting and completion of construction projects. In construction, managing of information is a vital part of decision-making procedure and it helps to guarantee that the accurate decisions are made by stakeholders at the appropriate time. 4th industrial revolution is poised to fundamentally alter the way construction activities are carried out. It represents a new era of innovation in technology, which will boost man-machine relation and catalyze effective and efficient information management in construction. Construction industry continues to encounter challenges in information management, but it is expected that the advent of 4th industrial revolution will assist in resolving these challenges. This research aims to evaluate the role of 4th industrial revolution tools in improving the management of construction information. Data from extensive review of literature were extracted to demonstrate the level of activities of 4IR tools in construction information management. The paper finds out that due to the heavy quantities of information generated, processed, and stored prior to, during and post construction, 4IR tools can assist in managing this information. The findings also provide new knowledge about the management of construction information. The study concluded that adoption of 4IR tools will enhance effective and efficient information management in the construction industry.

Peter Adekunle, Clinton Aigbavboa, Didi Thwala, Ayodeji Oke, Opeoluwa Akinradewo
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

The Future of Facility Management: A Case for Digital Twin

In the field of building and construction, a digital twin model of all physical information substantially enhances decision making all through the individual stages in the life cycle of a facility starting from the preconstruction activities to deconstruction. In essence, digital twin can increase efficiency in building construction, management, and deconstruction. Based on this, the current study aims to understudy the benefits of application of digital twin to the built environment and building management systems. The study reviewed archived literature on digital twin, facility management, building management systems and the built environment. Findings from this study revealed the importance of digital twin in the built environment. Digital twin technology is a means to efficiently accomplish tasks in the building and construction industry. It can be used to mitigate cost and risks in the probable chance that something goes wrong. The predictive nature of digital twin is a massive game-changer for effective forecasting in building management; hence there is an imperative need to seek its advancement within the building industry.

Olushola Akinshipe, Clinton Aigbavboa, Chimay Anumba
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Legal Factors in the Nigerian Construction Industry

The purpose of this study was to review literature on various legal factors in the Nigerian construction industry (NCI). This research utilised various sources of information from previous studies on conference papers, articles in journals, and so on. Various keywords were utilised to search for the information related to the subject matter of this study. Moreover, some of the legal factors revealed from literature are regulations regarding the environment, professional codes of practices, health and safety regulations, permit, tax and insurance, interpretation of contractual documents, fiduciary relations, misrepresentation, incapability of procurement system, right of clients to change design, avoidance of responsibility, and ambiguity of work legislation. The study likewise discusses legal theories such as natural legal and legal positivism theory. Thereafter, the legal principles in the NCI were discussed. However, this study increases the knowledge of construction stakeholders. It is highly recommended that all factors that can result to legal issues should be avoided, in order to improve the efficiency of the NCI.

Benjamen Sunkanmi Adeyemi, Clinton Aigbavboa, Wellington D Thwala
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Design of inclusive urban itineraries: Case study in ​Guayaquil, Ecuador

The present work is the result of an investigation on a proposal for the design of inclusive urban itineraries in the patrimonial area of ​​Guayaquil. The applied methodology is based on the qualitative analysis of the traditional itineraries to universal access in the study area. The Right to the City is taken into account by giving participation to the different actors of territorial planning in decision-making to decide which areas should be considered as areas of interest to tourists. The results were illustrated in a tourist guide for the use of non-motorized mobility, considering the care of the environment, through the application of GIS tools that facilitate the understanding of national and international tourism.

Veronica Solorzano, Malena Marin
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Potential of conflict communication formats for infrastructure projects

Germany has decided to fundamentally transform its whole energy system. The transformation requires numerous infrastructure projects that are conflict-prone [1]. To handle conflicts, involved companies are expected to use legally prescribed public participation procedures (formal) as well as non-legally binding participation processes (informal). Public participation can occur on three intensity levels: information, consultation, and cooperation [2]. Little research has been done on how conflict communication can be used at different participation levels. This paper aims on a deeper understanding of how conflict communication formats are perceived by people living in so-called energy regions, i.e., regions undergoing an intensive energy transformation. It focuses on how they retrospectively evaluate their potential for conflict management, and what recommendations they derive from this knowledge.This paper presents selected outcomes of a study conducted in the large-scale project ENSURE, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The project aims on solutions for the German energy transition. The study combines in-depth interview and pre-questionnaire. The literature-based interview guideline covers two question complexes: (1) background, remit, and experience, (2) conflict communication (occurrence of conflict; conflict triggers and resolutions; potential of communication formats; quality criteria; challenges of distance conditions). In the pre-questionnaire, respondents were asked to rate the potential of formats of participation levels for conflict management (1 = very suitable; 6 = not suitable at all). For each level, formats frequently named in the literature were given [3]. In the in-depth interviews, participants were asked to comment on their ratings. In addition, they were asked to recall two infrastructure projects they had experience with and indicate which formats had been used particularly well or poorly? The participants were contacted using a stakeholder list provided by the project consortium. The participants (n=12; nine male, three female) live in the federate state Schleswig-Holstein and have experience with infrastructure projects in the energy and/or mobility sector. All are well-informed about the region. Most of them (n=8) are involved in environmental protection organizations or in local politics, e.g., in regional development committees. Interviews were conducted digitally in 2021. The data were anonymized, transcribed, analyzed qualitatively (two coders; overall categories: 247) as well as quantitatively.Conflict communication formats were mostly used on the information level. The best ratings are given to consultation level formats (Ø = 2.2). At the information level, information events are rated as most suitable (Ø = 1.3). At consultation level, resource-intensive personal talks with those affected are recommended (Ø = 1.3). Respondents favor integrating levels of participation and formats, e.g., consultation processes as part of information events. At cooperation level, mediation is best rated (Ø = 1.9). The respondents address factors influencing the suitability of formats for conflict management. Some formats are strongly topic-dependent, e.g., an expert hearing is particularly suitable if a topic generates fears. Other factors are the target group, the local context (city/rural) or the setting (private/public). The format choice should consider the project size and phase.Further research should examine the impact of the factors named above and how conflict communication can function under distance conditions (COVID-19 pandemic).Literature[1] Renn (2015): Aspekte der Energiewende aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Analyse aus der Schriftenreihe Energiesysteme der Zukunft. München: acatech.[2] Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V. (VDI) (2015): VDI-Standard 7001 – Communication and public participation in planning and building of infrastructure projects. Training for work stages of engineers. Berlin: Beuth.[3] Ziekow/ Barth/ Schütte/ Ewen (2014): Konfliktdialog bei der Zulassung von Vorhaben der Energiewende. Leitfaden für Behörden. Konfliktdialog bei Höchstspannungsanlagen.

Nils Hellmuth, Eva-Maria Jakobs
Open Access
Article
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Who plans and funds public space qualification projects? Policy, planning and delivery schemes in Lisbon metropolis.

The article presents intermediate findings from “MetroPublicNet” research project, in which in which over one thousand delivered public space projects in Lisbon Metropolitan Area (Portugal) were identified and mapped. It offers a specific analysis of the projects delivered under the 2014-2020 EU funding framework, looking for its inception, rationales, funding and delivery frameworks. This focus on public sector-led projects allows for a sharper look in terms of policy priorities, programmatic guidelines and their impact in shaping Lisbon’s recent metropolitan development.

João Rafael Santos, Luís Sanchez Carvalho
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Mangrove infrastructure for the economic development of local communities in Naranjal - Ecuador

Mangrove ecosystems are of significant environmental and economic importance. Large populations worldwide depend on mangroves for their resources and food supply. Following mangrove data of 1997, Ecuador had an area of 2,469 km² of mangroves. This area has suffered some reductions due to farming, industrial activities, and urbanization in recent years. At the same time, local communities depend on the collection and commercialization of mangrove products as their primary income source. Infrastructure projected in mangrove areas needs a remarkable treatment with a holistic approach to consider technological, social, environmental, and economic aspects. The project will focus on the community 6 de Julio of the zone of Naranjal-Ecuador. One of the primary income sources of this community is the collection and commercialization of the mangrove crab, which is collected at the nearby mangrove areas authorized by the Ministry of Environment, for which the community needs to abide by the regulations and closure periods to guarantee the sustainability of the activity. The primary research's objective is to study the best infrastructure options to help with the crab collection activity. So, it is safer and cleaner and aims to diversify activities such as touristic or educational that can become an alternative income source during the closure periods and reduce the dependence on the crab collection.

Boris Orellana-Alvear, Juan Hidalgo, Alfredo Ordoñez, Esteban Zalamea
Open Access
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Conference Proceedings

Scales of Gentrification in intermediary cities: A challenge for Ecuadorian territorial planning

Intermediate cities have specific characteristics due to their size, population, economy, and regional dynamics. The metropolises represent poles of attraction that do not allow the development of the surrounding villages. These poles absorb peripheral accentuations during their boundary expansion processes. Not far from this phenomenon, it is observed that intermediate cities act similarly in front of smaller towns, having a repeated effect than their higher similes. The relationship between villages leads to emigration and population immigration and can be confused with gentrification processes. For this reason, it is necessary to differentiate the original inhabitants of neighborhoods or areas that have been displaced from those who have preferred to change their place of residence by free will. The various study scales are directed towards understanding the phenomenon within a block, neighborhood, sector, city, and finally territory, with the desire to understand the gentrifying phenomenon's propagation speed.

Alfredo Ordoñez, Boris Orellana-Alvear, Tania Calle-Jimenez, Esteban Orellana
Open Access
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Validation of Maintenance Management Core Elements for Higher Educational Institution Buildings in developing Countries Education Sector.

Maintenance management (MM) is a preventive management philosophy that provides a platform to retain assets value, improve life quality, improve risk cost and productivity in maintenance organisations. Given this contextual setting, the study examines whether core elements of MM utilised in developed countries are relevant in developing countries, using higher education institutional (HEI) buildings in the Nigeria education sector as a case study. In obtaining data for this study, an empirical research design was employed. Precisely, a Delphi study piloted showed eight (8) core elements that influence effective maintenance management of HEI buildings in Nigeria. Of these eight (5) cores elements, five (5) of the elements have a very high influence on maintenance management of HEI buildings (VHI: 9.00 -10.00), and three (3) other elements had a high influence (HI: 7.00-8.99). The key finding from the study reveals that the core elements that influence maintenance management of HEI buildings include organisational maintenance policies, maintenance budget, human resources management, training, monitoring and supervision, maintenance information, communication among stakeholders, and maintenance culture. The study's finding indicated that these core elements are related to those of other countries, and effective MM of HEI buildings in developing countries education sectors is guaranteed when these core elements are integrated into the maintenance processes and operations.

Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo, Clinton Aigbavboa, Opeoluwa Akinradewo, Olusegun Oguntona, Didi Thwala
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Core Competencies Required for Construction Project Success: The Project Management Angle

Projects are designed to accomplish a specific goal within a predetermined amount of time, but not every project meets its goals within the allotted time frame. In order for a construction project to be executed successfully, a competent team has to work closely together and implement project goals, and a project manager usually leads the team. For any project to succeed, every stakeholder, including the sponsor and implementation team, is responsible for its completion. However, the project manager has a vital role to play. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate the core competencies necessary for successfully completing a construction project. The study, conducted in Gauteng Province, South Africa, surveyed construction professionals. Survey results were used to develop a relative importance index. Findings from the survey revealed that innovative thinking, problem-solving skills, dependability, emotional maturity and control, confidence are vital traits required from project stakeholders to successfully complete projects. The study classified the identified competencies into two categories relating to personality traits and managerial traits. It was, therefore, concluded specific competencies must be inherent in project team members and management for a project to reach successful completion.

Olushola Akinshipe, Clinton Aigbavboa, Ogunbayo Babatunde Fatai, Didi Thwala
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Lisbon’s Metropolitan Public Space Network as an opportunity for the management of the urban water cycle.

Stormwater management has been essentially controlled by specific technical and specialized disciplines that have authoritatively decided upon the necessary actions. An example of this is the recent Drainage Master Plan for the city of Lisbon, which mostly relies on the creation and optimization of singular, mono-functional, hard-engineering infrastructure that is uniquely focused on draining potentially valuable stormwater away from the urban area. The need to revisit contemporary practices regarding the management of pluvial waters is widely established in literature (Gersonius et al., 2013, Hartmann and Driessen, 2013), not only when considering climate change projections, and the associated exacerbation of precipitation extremes and consequent urban flooding, but also when acknowledging pluvial water as the ultimate resource for urban resilience. Faced with this challenge, numerous cities have been maturing their relationship with water through flood adaptation projects that explore water’s bountiful regenerative and ecological capacities (Matos Silva, 2020). In these projects, one can further note an attempt for a coherent elasticity and connection among similar strategies in different scales. Indeed, all flood adaptation measures are more effective and provide a broader benefit if articulated and interconnected with each other at different scales. In the research project “MetroPublicNet” (Santos et al., 2020) public space qualification projects in Lisbon Metropolitan Area since 1998 are identified and their rationales are critically revised in light of a future metropolitan public space network. Bearing in mind lessons from three specific cities (namely Rotterdam, New York, and London) regarding their relationships between existing flood adaptation strategies and metropolitan networks related to public space, this research aims to initiate the discussion on a new Metropolitan Flood Management Plan for Lisbon.Through this research, the importance of an effective interconnection between scales lies reinforced. By integrating a flood adaptation plan that is served and serves a Metropolitan Public Space Network, new urban interventions can more effectively contribute to more resilient, robust and adaptative territories.

Maria Matos Silva, Ana Beja Da Costa
Open Access
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Knowledge city vs smart city: Approaches and development areas

Knowledge Cities (KC) and Smart Cities (SC) have made significant investments with influence throughout the world in only four decades. This has occurred although these concepts are still being developed, being urgent to advance in their understanding. This article focuses on comparing these types of cities, seeking to understand their approaches, the fields of study in which they are developed and the lines of action in which they are projected. A mixed methodology is applied, qualitative to deepen the concepts and quantitative through the VOS viewer software, which is used to process more than two thousand articles indexed in Scopus. We found that the KC is formed around the notion of change of the productive matrix and develops issues related to its urban spatial and social conformation. While the SC concept is developed in the technological sciences, relating more to the use of the internet of things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, and its application in the city.

Sonia Cueva-Ortiz
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Territorial strategic plan focused on the sustainable urban-environmental micro-zoning of the Puerto Jeli parish, Santa Rosa canton, Ecuador 2021.

In recent years, research has been carried out related to territorial and urban planning in municipalities of Ecuador. However, there are still municipal organizations that have neglected urban parishes, ignoring places frequented by tourists and local citizens, such as Puerto Jelí, recognized for its gastronomy, high economic potential and tourist opportunities. The present work focuses on developing an essential structure based on an urban-environmental micro-zoning that results in ordering the territory of the study sector in an integral way under sustainable development guidelines, which will allow the development of the strategic plan to enhance the process of making and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants as an agent of exchange of goods and services, wealth creation, innovation and development.

Maria Isabel Romero, Laura De Jesús Calero Proaño, Maria Pin
Open Access
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The Liveable City - How Effective Planning for Infrastructure and Personal Mobility Can Improve People’s Experiences of Urban Life

Aim of this research was to better understand the impact of urban infrastructure design on people’s perceived environmental quality, perceived safety and the motivation for active mobility within the city. The requirements for walking and cycling infrastructure were first generated in face-to-face interviews (N = 82). Then, in a within-subject design, N = 74 participants rated six pairs of photos of urban spaces before (low infrastructure quality) and after an appropriate infrastructure redesign (high infrastructure quality). 85.1% of the participants were women. The sample had a mean age of M = 22.6 years (SD = 6.46 years, Min = 18 years, Max = 58 years). Results show that urban spaces with high-quality walking and cycling infrastructure were rated with a significantly higher perceived environmental quality (t(73) = 11.62, p < .001, d = 1.34), perceived safety (t(73) = 11.68, p < .001, d = 1.35) and motivation to walk and/or cycle (t(73) = 23.47, p < .001, d = 2.71). Although the study samples were not representative, the results suggest that human factors should be a fundamental part of transport and urban planning.

Madlen Günther, Josef Krems
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings

Experimentation in open sea of the composite structures for the sustainable development of aquatic ecosystems

Protecting water and marine resources - and ensuring their environmental status - is one of the pillars of EU environmental policy. The acceleration of the process of loss of marine biodiversity or of essential goods to the ecosystem has required the adoption of special measures on nature and biodiversity (Sixth Community Environment Action Program). The process of recovering the natural bio filter from the coastal area of the sea coast requires the development of ecological methods designed to increase populations of epibiotic organisms that are filters capable of accelerating the restoration of marine quality in tourist areas - leisure on the coast. The modular system designed and developed by our specialists is intended both for the extension of the natural epibiont bio filter in traditional coastal areas, and for the cultivation for food purposes of mussels - Mytillus Galloprovincialis - the largest bivalve in the Black Sea and oysters - Crassostrea gigas. The location of the modular system has the following specific hydro meteorological characteristics: the winds in the northern sector have the highest dominance and intensity, the orientation of the Romanian Black Sea coast (from north to south) favors the dominance of currents parallel to the shoreline, and the structure of the substrate is composed of an alternation of submerged rocks and stony platforms covered with terry mud. The system has been successfully tested until the third stage of development of the epibiont organisms, the tests continuing at present. The presented solutions will contribute to the restoration of the sea filters, by ensuring an optimal breeding place for a variety of marine organisms.

Alexandra Gabriela Ene, Carmen Mihai, Mihaela Jomir
Open Access
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Institutional Evaluation of Public and Private Partnerships Relevant Contributions to Housing Delivery System

Housing provision through institutional contributions has helped Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) provide a sustainable strategy for promoting and accelerating housing development for national development and growth. This study aimed to evaluate the relevant contribution of institutions involved in the PPPs housing delivery system using Lagos State, Nigeria as a case study. A systematic random sampling method was used, and questionnaires were distributed to 124 professionals in government and private institutions that participate in the PPPs housing delivery system. The result indicated that the relevant contribution of the public institution is majorly land and site and services, while its fragility includes bad administration, lacking a good financial base, and capacity to absorb risk factors. On the other hand, a private institution provides a good financial base, equipment, labour, and plant with good management responsibility and ready to absorb risk. While factors such as unstable government policy and economic conditions affect private institutions in the PPPs housing delivery system. The study recommended that for public and private institutions to annex the benefit of contributing to the PPPs housing delivery system, the government needs to repeal the present act of law such as the 1978 land use act through an act of legislation, in order to provide easy access to land for investors and to improve on its site and services by making necessary provision like access road, electricity, drainage, good layout drawing early before the commencement of future PPPs housing project.

Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo, Clinton Aigbavboa, Didi Thwala, Opeoluwa Akinradewo, Olusegun Oguntona
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Conference Proceedings

Spatial Elements of Middle School Gymnasium Based on Youth Visual Perception

Middle school students are physically and psychologically different from adults. They are in a relatively special and rapidly changing phase. As the most penetrating level of environmental perception, visual perception directly affects the use of the space in middle school gymnasiums. Based on the human factors engineering problem of teenagers using campus gymnasiums to carry out sports activities, this study takes visual perception as the starting point and adopts the method of combining research and experiment. Through semi-structured interviews and grading questionnaires, the strong factors related to middle school students’ willingness to exercise and architectural space design were refined. A seven-differentiation evaluation scale was constructed by SD method, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1150 middle school students. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the statistical data, and multiple groups were compared by age group and gender, and thus corresponding design strategies were proposed. The paper aims at promoting the enthusiasm of youth sports development, and providing theoretical support for the construction and development of middle school gymnasiums.

Taiyang Wang, Xianqi Zeng, Peng Luo
Open Access
Article
Conference Proceedings