Human Factors, Business Management and Society

AHFE International

Accelerating Open Access Science in Human Factors Engineering and Human-Centered Computing

Human Factors, Business Management and Society

book-cover

Editors: Vesa Salminen

Topics: Management and Leadership

Publication Date: 2023

ISBN: 978-1-958651-73-5

DOI: 10.54941/ahfe1003996

Articles

Anticipatory Innovation Governance Model and Regional Innovation Ecosystems Supporting Sustainable Development

Anticipatory innovation governance describes the process of managing and directing innovation efforts in wider context in regional, national, or international innovation ecosystems. In 2022 OECD presented an anticipatory innovation governance model for Finland. Since 2014, European Union has recommended European regions to enhance their development activities based on Smart Specialization. Smart Specialization is a place-based approach characterized by the identification of strategic areas based both on regional strengths and potential of the economy. It aims to enhance prosperity of European regions by accelerating research, development and innovation activities as well as supporting Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP) with wide stakeholder involvement.Both approaches aim for balanced development. The current societal situation cannot be addressed through reactive and conventional governance practices. Societies and regions are facing both challenges and changes that set demand and create opportunity for new ways of working and collaboration. Anticipatory innovation governance model addresses both authorizing environment and agency. It addresses the creation of enabling environment for innovation and introduces supportive mechanism to support anticipatory innovation practices with tools, methods, and information resources. The paper introduces EU’s Mission on Adaptation to Climate Change which focuses on supporting EU regions, cities, and local authorities in their efforts to build resilience against the impacts of climate change. The Mission’s activities aim to test and deploy on the ground innovative solutions needed to build resilience. The Mission’s objective is to accompany at least 150 European regions and communities towards climate resilience by 2030.The paper shares activities of Häme Goes into Ecosystems HGiE –project which aims to enhance sustainable innovation ecosystem development among regional stakeholders and support research, development, innovation and Entrepreneurial Discovery Process activities linking to national and international ecosystems. Häme Portfolio tool is used to support open innovation practices. The goal of this paper is to share early results of the study on how anticipatory innovation governance model, regional innovation ecosystems and portfolio management practices can enhance both innovation and sustainable development as well as adaptation to climate change.

Minna Takala, Taina Tukiainen

Conference Proceedings

ESG and UN SDGs Driven Strategy Generation Process for Green and Pink Oceans

The paper introduces an applied and practical methodological framework for mapping the ESG criteria on the UN SDGs, and vice versa, and applies the results in developing organizational strategies based on sustainable and social innovations that can lead to Green or Pink oceans. Such an approach can be a dynamic multiplier on the organizational efforts to comply with the ESG criteria that impact their valuation and performance, and the alignment with the UN SDGs that impact the ESG score and the reputation of the organization. Any organization can use the proposed methodology to develop realistic and operational strategies in line with the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the ESG criteria. Such strategies can increase the organization's competitiveness and deliver reputational benefits from their social and sustainable operations, but also financial benefits from their ESG score achievements. The paper suggests the pre and post-conditions on using the proposed method, research limitations, and areas of further research to be conducted for the application of the proposed methodology.

Evangelos Markopoulos, Kui Zhao, Mascha Samkova, Hannu Vanharanta

Conference Proceedings

Data Space Ecosystem Development

Societies are facing the huge change in its all sectors. Business drivers like; digital transformation and sustainability, are changing societies and all industries with increasing speed. The overflow of created data and technological opportunities are possible to turn managing by data solutions and business co-evolution.The efficient utilization of data is aimed at developing the data space with extensive EU-wide projects, European common data space development is on the programs, as GAIA-X, but there is also need for regional data space development.Domain-specific data spaces in Europe will not be implemented in a top-down approach. The European data space for a certain domain will materialize as the entirety of a variety of different bottom-up endeavors. (Otto et al (2021). Despite this fact, regional data space development work has been very limited. The objective of this article is to introduce the concept to increase knowledge and understanding by the development of regional data space.

Heikki Ruohomaa, Vesa Salminen

Conference Proceedings

Understanding the Challenges of Today’s Labor Market Service Provision in the EU

This paper explores the challenges of today’s labor market service provision in the EU, where, based on our expertise, insufficient scientific inquiry has been conducted. As there are many different focus points and factors to consider in the modern turbulent labor market, we identify the main challenges along with a list of existing scientific discussions. The central finding of the paper is that there is a lack of central collaboration between stakeholders and poor attention toward implementing changes required to meet labor market needs. We found that change management is insufficiently integrated into the service provision of the EU’s public employment services. This study contributes input for building an artificial intelligence-enabled virtual assistant to help serve the needs of labor markets and citizens.

Markko Liutkevicius, Marina Weck, Sadok Ben Yahia

Conference Proceedings

Impacts and Indicators of Regional Innovation Ecosystems Supporting Sustainable Development

Ecosystems are recognized to play an increasingly important role in the implementation of EU innovation policies. Assessing and measuring the impacts of regional innovation ecosystems is elementary for development. A framework for analysis requires versatile data and ecosystem specific reviews. Since 2014, European Union has recommended European regions to enhance their innovation development activities based on Smart Specialisation. Smart Specialisation is a place-based approach characterised by the identification of strategic areas based both on regional strengths and potential of the economy. It aims to enhance prosperity of European regions by accelerating research, development and innovation activities as well as supporting Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP) with wide stakeholder involvement.EU’s Regional Innovation Scoreboard 2021 assesses the innovation performance of European regions on a limited number of indicators. The last edition of the scoreboard shows that innovation performance has increased for 225 regions out of the total of 240 regions over the period since 2014. The most innovative regions are typically in the most innovative countries. However, in Finland the indicators and level analysis are conducted at large area level, and it does not extend to regions. This creates challenges for both development and monitoring practices for regional innovation strategies. The challenge remains on how to enhance, measure, and assess innovation ecosystem development practices at regional level especially in the institutionally thin regions with relatively low RDI and EDP performance with moderate innovation capabilities. ESPON has studied Entrepreneurial Governance practices to support RDI activities especially related to societal innovation themes - climate, energy, food, health, security, and transportation. In these development themes also lagging regions can create enabling conditions for testing new innovative products and services. The paper shares early results of on-going Häme Goes into Ecosystems HGiE –project which aims to enhance sustainable innovation ecosystem development. The paper introduces a framework for measurement and assessment, with selected indicators, and desired impacts of a regional innovation ecosystem. Häme Portfolio management tool is used to support open innovation practices providing an opportunity to measure and evaluate on-going activities

Minna Takala, Taina Tukiainen, Vesa Salminen, Jyri Sarkkinen

Conference Proceedings

Data-Based Creativity in Systemic Evolutionary Innovation

Fast evolving business environment requires excellent innovation performance for the success and growth of organizations. Above all, creativity is a critical component in the competition. Analytical thinking and innovation, active learning and learning strategies and creativity are the main skills in continuous coevolution of businesses. All these skills are essential during the early phases of innovation. These skills give us a guidance in the pathway to growth – entrench the competitive advantages. A deep study reveals answers to early activities - pre-inventive actions open the way of innovation initiatives to growth. It is important really immerse us to explanations for origins of innovation.Ambitious growth objectives cannot be achieved without effective, dynamic and systematic innovation. The early activities – pre-inventive actions - are designed to be a valuable innovation assistance in the step-by-step evolutionary pathway to growth. This is a new value stream innovation paradigm. Challenges and insights emerge during the pathway.Data management is policies and procedures to effectively manage the information lifecycle needs. It means data collection, classification, validation, storing, protection, and processing during lifecycle from creation to deletion - the practice of collecting, keeping, and using data securely, efficiently, and cost-effectively. This is a foundation for digitalization – mining for insights in company’s data.The amount of usable data in business environment and as big data is exponentially increasing. Technology opportunities are available to be used in data- analytics and in managing by data for the purpose of business co-evolution. The understanding of human factors inside self- organized teams during collective interpretation and imagination of future opportunities is becoming most important feature.The goal of this article is to identify and analyze futures thinking in innovation capability. The article attempts to develop evolutionary framework for data and event analytics in content management of fuzzy front end of innovation. An essential team performance is collective interpretation and imagination. That can be used in prospective innovation.This research is partly constructive, conceptual and analytical because it introduces data analytics progression framework in fuzzy front end of innovation.Data for this concept creation has been collected over several years on continuous flow of qualitative analysis of scientific articles and used methodologies in operative industrial environment. This can be seen as a type of applied science. Experiences and many results gathered during this analysis work can be used in sustainable development. These can be benefited in development work on data- based creativity, interpretation, innovation and foresight. A generic perception of this analysis work is that successful fuzzy front end of innovation needs structured data- analysis methodology and dynamic team performance to execute collective interpretation and imagination to serve as basis for common value creation in systemic and evolutionary innovation.

Vesa Salminen, Jyrki Peltomaa, Juha Varis

Conference Proceedings

The Role of Open Science in Open Innovation Environment:The Case of Knowledge Management Model

This article aims to contribute to a better understanding of the role of open science and its impact on knowledge management in the open innovation environment. The main premise of open innovation in the Europe Commission’s vision for Europe is to open the innovation process to all stakeholders from academia, business, government, and society. Owing to that, knowledge may create investment opportunities for innovative products and services as well as competitiveness in new markets. Open science is a relatively new approach to the scientific process, which is based on collaboration and advanced ways of spreading knowledge by using digital technologies and new tools. Open Science affects the entire process expanding its boundaries and permitting knowledge to be widely and quickly shared as well as easily updated. The idea is to make a profound change in science and research - moving from the traditional and well-established practice of disseminating research results in academic journals, seminars, and conferences to open sharing of the acquired knowledge and bringing it closer to the earlier stages of the innovation process. Open Science also involves a shift towards more open knowledge management in the open innovation environment. To ensure that knowledge management should be based on the principles of open science. This requires considerations of such critical factors as relevance, authenticity, and security of data sources while using the readily available results of open science. This article analyses the proposed open knowledge management framework reflecting on the impact of open sciences principles.

Jurga Kucinskiene, Egle Brezgyte, Gintaras Kucinskas, Marina Weck

Conference Proceedings

Spiral Innovation Automation and Team Cohesion

The complexity of new innovation is dramatically increasing, and speed requirements of innovation phase are growing. New technology enables innovation opportunities in business environment. Speed requirements for innovation phase are growing. Knowledge and data is a valuable currency in the innovation phase and there is need for fast spiral innovation process. The role of human- oriented factors and understanding of human-technology interfaces is essential. Behavior culture of development teams requires better cohesion to manage self-organizing teamwork. The goal of this article is to identify and analyze team cohesion during spiral innovation automation, when innovation is made by a team of individual experts from various international and cultural backgrounds and with specialized competences. The article introduces an evolution framework for knowledge management in spiral innovation automation.From the many results and experiences gathered during this research, it appears that spiral innovation automation according to value driven approach with successful team cohesion is a long journey but will provide solutions for complex problems and situations.

Vesa Salminen, Matti Pyykkönen, Carita Salminen

Conference Proceedings

Human Factors in Managing Strategic Funnels of Innovation

Nowadays business environment is influenced by continuous discontinuities and change. That leads to the need for a methodology that can be used to manage innovation activities in the longer run. For ensuring competitiveness in business, it is important to have more than one innovation project in funnel on various innovation phase running on it. Utilizing innovation funnels makes it easier to understand operations and allocate expertise to the right projects and manage the partnerships. Through systems thinking and conceptual progression model it is possible to manage several development projects interactively at the same time. The goal of this article has been to create a system model for continuous management of the outcomes of ideation and innovation activities. This article introduces strategic innovation methodology using innovation funnels executed by cohesion building opportunities in teamwork. A reference framework has been developed and used in implementation of innovation phases. This makes it possible to manage strategic innovation activities much better. Successful strategy- based innovation management by innovation funnels needs value- based approach and clear common innovation strategy, goal setting practice and innovation environment. Human centric aspect to teamwork and its workflow is essential in success. The article introduces as case study a proof-of-concept of the growth- based start-up business idea “Training of Working Dog's Handler” which was created in group- based free ideation. The digital twin and the gamified environment illustrate and present the training progression model, considering the needs of dog-specific training.

Matti Pyykkönen, Jorma Jokela, Vesa Salminen

Conference Proceedings

Heuristics and biases uncovered during the digitalisation decision-making process in the Property Sector

The property industry is lagging other industries in the drive towards digitalisation. This study hypothesised that biases and heuristics encountered during the digitisation decision-making process contributed to this delay. Biases could increase the property industry practitioners’ reluctance or resistance to make the digitisation decision and could further add to the complexity of the decision-making process. Most of the previous research in this field had been conducted quantitatively, utilising surveys and experiments to detect the presence of specific pre-selected biases, but only expected biases could be measured in this way. The present study followed a qualitative approach in which unstructured in-depth interviews with a purposively selected sample of property industry decision-makers allowed the detection of many biases. The sample covered a broad spectrum of the industry including decision-makers from the listed property sector, private sector commercial property developers, commercial property financiers, and residential real estate agencies. The study detected 37 biases that influenced the digitisation decision.

Laetitia Cook, Chris Cloete

Conference Proceedings

Crowdsourcing policies and solutions to wicked problems: case study of crowdsourcing on air quality in European cities

The current world is facing unprecedented crises and wicked problems that need solving. Even if some of them might affect our life more right now and in the short term (e.g., global security crisis, energy crisis, etc.), the biggest challenge for societies for years to come is climate change. Digital solutions have the potential to offer relief and solutions to various problems, including climate challenges, but the biggest concern is still the large gap between policymakers and people's concerns and expectations. Future developments should not only be guided by the technologically feasible but by what is socially desirable and acceptable. Therefore, the citizens’ engagement, particularly digital crowdsourcing, for the design of digital services, as well as policies that affect their lives, is crucial.To understand the usage of crowdsourcing for policy-design purposes, we have piloted a crowdsourcing activity in five European countries on the subject of air quality. To assess the results of the pilot, we use a novel e-participation assessment framework created by the joint effort of the e-Governance Academy and the project partners of the Co-Designing Europe Project . The assessment framework was created based on extensive analyses of e-participation cases from various countries and contexts using the Theory of Change (ToC) methodology. The framework also has a practical checklist which enables any initiator of e-participation - be it from a public authority or from the civil society, to design an e-participation/crowdsourcing activity and assess its impact after completing the case. The aim of this article is, based on theory and practice, to highlight and analyse the biggest challenges, obstacles, and success factors for impactful crowdsourcing, the potential to use the “wisdom of the crowd” to solve wicked problems in society, and the role technology plays in this process.

Kristina Reinsalu, Robert Bjarnason

Conference Proceedings

Capacity Building in GovTech for Measuring and Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals

The paper explores the challenges that GovTech industry faces and analyses how existing skills frameworks correspond with these challenges. After this comparison authors seek to define the missing from the frameworks skills that can be recommended for GovTech specialists to possess. Given the variety of areas of expertise where GovTech faces challenges it is recommended to design a collective competence framework on a team and/or organisation level.

Alena Labanava, Innar Liiv, Ingrid Pappel

Conference Proceedings

Capacity building as an important key aspect to support countries' digitalization endeavours

The digitalization of governments is a tremendously growing trend. One effective approach to managing digital transformation for the greater public good is to have government personnel who understand the technology, social ramifications, and legal frameworks that should be applied for the best possible outcome for all stakeholders. To this end, a robust capacity-building strategy is essential in preparing the leaders of tomorrow who will play a significant role in shaping the implementation of citizen-centric digital services in governments worldwide. Thus, this paper aims to suggest a framework for a capacity-building strategy that will support countries in their digitalization journey. The outcome of the research emphasizes the necessity of fostering a common understanding of the capacity-building process, which includes implementing a Learning Management System (LMS) and developing a skills matrix that promotes the acquisition of relevant competencies and skills, to ensure the successful and sustainable implementation of digital transformation projects.

Ingrid Pappel, Josephine Lusi, Nora Hauptmann, Valentina Stadnic, Margus Mägi, Diana Sang, Sherman Kong

Conference Proceedings

Legal Readiness for Open Source Software Adoption in Public Sector

The importance of Open-Source Software (OSS) is growing vehemently in the public sector. OSS has a key role in governments’ digital transformation towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as it reduces the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO), provides the opportunities of economies of scale and economies of scope, and promotes digital infrastructure by adopting Open Stack technology capabilities. However, the OSS adoption readiness has been measured on the basis of technology, organizations, and economic prerequisites, as of now. The current paper reviews the existing literature and suggests most critical factors from the perspectives of legislation, governance, and policy so that the governments which are traversing towards digital transformation can adopt them for social good.

Vikash Madduri, Alika Vandtke, Yolanda Martinez, Margus Mägi, Nele Leosk, Nico Lueck, Sherman Kong

Conference Proceedings

A Conceptual Review of the Constraints to Global Competitiveness of the South African Automotive Industry

The South African automotive industry is a very important organisation that assist with the well being of the nation, as it contribute to the economic growth of the country and also creates employment for the citizens, this show that this organisation is a key industry for the nation and any constraint to it global competitiveness is of a major consent, that needs a holistic approach to identify the factors that prevent it from achieving the objectives and goals of global competitiveness, a well structured questionnaire was developed and administered in a number of selected South African automotive industry for data collection and according to the results, the political, economic, social, technological and environment has a major influence to the industry’s global competitiveness.

John M Ikome

Conference Proceedings

Barriers to Digital Transformation of the Silver Economy: Challenges to Adopting Digital Skills by the Silver Generation

In the European Union (EU) and the Baltic Sea Region (BSR), life expectancy amongst the population has increased. As the population ages and the percentage of older people in the total population upsurges, there is a dire requisite to address their needs such as higher risks of chronic disease, dependability, disability and a requirement for assistance. Another integral challenge for the elderly is the need to participate in economic and social activities. It is essential to develop systems to ensure that the needs of the ageing population are met efficiently. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and innovations such as robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing and digital infrastructure help facilitate healthy and active ageing, as well as independent living solutions for the elderly. With all these technological advancements being introduced, the silver generation must be also capable of adopting them. The innovative solutions can be deemed a waste of resources if the target group is incapable of benefitting from them. In this research, a systematic literature review is conducted to identify the technology readiness, technology acceptance and level of digital skills of the silver generation as well as the barriers and challenges towards the adoption of digital transformation in the silver economy. The resulting articles are analysed using thematic analysis with NVIVO and the main outcomes help in identifying and analyzing the attitude of the silver generation towards ICT, barriers and challenges to ICT adoption and the existing digital tools and solutions that are easily adopted by the silver generation to serve as benchmarks to introduce further innovations for the silver economy. Moreover, recommendations are provided on how digital transformation can be used as a tool to engage the elderly in the economy by addressing the hindering factors to ICT adoption. Overall, the findings of this research contribute to the literature and can serve as a useful resource for other regions facing similar challenges in addressing the needs of an ageing society.

Sidra Azmat Butt, Silvia Lips, Rahul Sharma, Ingrid Pappel, Dirk Draheim

Conference Proceedings

Multi-Faceted Evaluation of the Digital Silver Hub to Validate its Platform Requirements

The silver economy is heavily reliant on technical advancements and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) due to the changing demographics and increases in the older population. There have been quite a lot of initiatives by several public and private bodies to tackle the challenges of the silver economy by involving technological innovations and digital frameworks. One such initiative is the Digital Silver Hub (DSH) by the Interreg Baltic Sea Region (BSR) OSIRIS Project, which serves as an ecosystem to develop and accelerate the adoption of innovative solutions to the challenges encountered by the ageing population so they may lead an active and independent life. It involves transnational functionalities that enable collaboration, co-creation and knowledge diffusion amongst the BSR. The DSH connects companies and research institutes to develop new innovative solutions to the challenges of ageing while promoting end-user engagement. However, it is imperative to ensure that the DSH functionalities are effective and useful and also sufficient for the users to develop innovative solutions. In this paper, the DSH is evaluated based on its usability and the effectiveness of its functionalities as well as ease of use and user perception to validate that the platform requirements match with the derived results. We use dimensions of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2); “Perceived Usefulness”, “Perceived Ease of Use”, and “Attitude Towards Using” the technology along with dimensions of generic Collective Intelligence (CI) framework; staffing, processes, goals and motivation to evaluate the DSH. The outcomes of the research are aimed to help develop and evaluate similar platforms meant for the silver economy.

Sidra Azmat Butt, Marina Weck, Ingrid Pappel, Dirk Draheim

Conference Proceedings

AI Readiness Assessment for Data-driven Public Service Projects: Change Management and Human Elements of Procurement

As technology moves forward at a breakneck pace, governments are attempting to adopt technologies in their services that are complex and have unknown ramifications, like artificial intelligence (AI). Academic research and literature regarding change management and digital transformation discusses the necessity to have agreement within an organization on the technology project that the organization is considering adopting. One method of ensuring agreement within the socio-technical system is to conduct the appropriate planning prior to procurement. This also helps to avoid starting a project without having the required technological or human capabilities within the organization. Although the motives of private and public sector organizations are different when initiating projects, the human element of data-driven projects is still key to success. With the use of AI maturity models, feasibility studies and readiness assessment methods during the planning phase, public sector organizations exploring deployment of AI solutions in their public services could be able to avoid major pitfalls of projects that do not succeed. This paper’s contribution in to investigate and analyze existing methods of feasibility studies and readiness assessments through literature and document review to see how they may be applied to evaluating AI-related projects within the context of public service delivery. With the proper AI feasibility study and readiness assessment methods in place during the planning phase, public sector organizations exploring deployment of AI solutions in their public services will be able to avoid major pitfalls of piloting projects that do not succeed. This paper’s contribution in to investigate and analyze existing methods of feasibility studies and readiness assessments through academic literature and professional document review to see how they may be applied to evaluating AI-related projects within the context of public service delivery.

Richard Dreyling Iii, Regina Erlenheim, Tanel Tammet, Ingrid Pappel

Conference Proceedings

Transnational Innovation Networks, Population Aging and The Silver Economy: Challenges, Opportunities and the State of Play

Globally, lower fertility rates combined with increased life expectancy and the transition of “baby boomers” toward retirement have contributed to an aging population in many societies. Ultimately, these demographic developments contain immense societal and economic implications for the public and private sectors. Subsequently, the term “Silver Economy” has been used to describe the delivery of products and services to older people, with a particular focus on leveraging Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) to improve the well-being of older citizens in multi-faceted domains: healthcare, the labor market, social care, mobility, housing, and many others. In an increasingly globalized knowledge economy, regional knowledge sharing, integration, and synergy can enable innovation in the Silver Economy and combat population aging. Transnational innovation networks (TINs) represent a pathway for achieving these goals. Although research exploring population aging, primarily from the EU, has grown in the literature over the past five years, there is a knowledge gap regarding transnational innovation approaches, platforms, and initiatives in the Silver Economy domain. Thus, this paper utilizes a literature review approach from a global perspective to survey the Silver Economy and population aging transnational innovation landscape. Our state-of-the-art review shows the importance of transnational knowledge flows enabled by TINs and subsequent innovations.

Eric Blake Jackson, Ingrid Pappel, Sadok Ben Yahia

Conference Proceedings

Customer-Oriented Service Innovation Grounded in Data-Driven Decision-Making: A Readiness Assessment Framework

In the current increasingly competitive and technologically advanced market, significant opportunities to develop service innovations can be realized by utilizing data-driven decision-making (DDDM), which has been widely recognized as an effective means of making decisions that are more informed and based on evidence. Service innovation (SI) grounded in DDDM, or data-driven service innovation (DDSI), refers to integrating data-driven thinking or simply the use of data into the SI development process. However, the large variety of data available for organizational use creates pressure to achieve the capabilities necessary to obtain high-quality and time-sensitive data from internal and external sources, while also organizing and analyzing it properly. These capabilities present a particularly significant challenge for many firms seeking growth by triggering customer-oriented SI. Hence, firms must systematically evaluate the maturity level of their capabilities, enabling effective customer-oriented SI grounded in DDDM. This study sought to establish an approach to assess a firm’s readiness to implement customer-oriented DDSI and to explore the capabilities imperative for its implementation. Based on a theoretical analysis, a readiness assessment framework for customer-oriented DDSI was conceptualized by adopting a process view and utilizing the Business Process Maturity Model (BPMM) for the maturity assessment of the key capabilities identified, including DDDM. With a well-established framework, this study proposes a practical guide for firms looking to implement a customer-oriented SI grounded in DDDM.

Marina Weck, Sonja Kedonperä, Markus Sihvonen

Conference Proceedings

Econometric analysis of the determining factors of the balance of emotions of people with disabilities in Chile

The research proposes a logit econometric model that allows determining the factors that improve the balance of emotions of people with disabilities in Chile. In the research, the different variables that influence the phenomenon of disability are studied and identified. Through binomial models, the determinants of disability are estimated using the Social Well-being Survey, designed by the Undersecretariat for Social Evaluation of the Ministry of Social Development. The results indicate that factors such as educational level, health conditions, recognition at work, mood and quality of life, significantly indicate the emotional balance of people with disabilities in Chile. This is how the variables related to recognition at work and security at home have the greatest impact on the emotional level of people with disabilities in Chile.

Hanns De La Fuente-Mella, Nelson Lay, Camila Cortés, Mercedes Espinoza, Cristóbal Arizaga

Conference Proceedings

Knowledge management capabilities in the intra-organizational environment

To thrive and survive in current economic environment organizations realize the importance of developing knowledge management capabilities. The emphasis is on creating in-house knowledge and its distribution to various departments and functionalities. To attain the self-sufficiency of becoming knowledge based organizations venture in creating internal knowledge capabilities, strategic external acquisitions, integration of knowledge acquired in organizational structure, formal and informal dissemination and retention practices. The dependency of the roles and responsibilities given on business administrators for enacting the process of managing knowledge determines the outcome of developing knowledge management capabilities. The literature review examines issues related with knowledge management capabilities from the perspective of intra-organizational environment. The research identifies the factors influencing knowledge management from creation till retention within organization. The research theoretically examines systematic evaluation of comprehensive literatures. Various scientific theories has been assessed and taken into consideration for developing the construct of paper. It includes the selection of empirical studies from recognized databases and journals. The papers collected have been reviewed methodologically. The concepts of literature review is based on the analysis of scientific discussions and contribution from renowned authors. The Integration of knowledge management capabilities in intra-organizational environment is bonded with the application of knowledge cycle.

Harsh Chauhan, Henrijs Kalkis

Conference Proceedings

Locating A Smart Manufacturing based on Supply Chain Segregation

The recent EMS 2021 small-scale pilot assessment in Finland covered a perspective for evaluating corporations' relocation activities, key enabling technologies, and organizational concepts. Relocation activities were reflected in off- or backshoring manufacturing or R&D. Depthness was taken by withdrawals from knowledge boundaries from the database content, which was combined with additive manufacturing and energy management systems. This is a representative study on the relocation factors, and what is outside scope is considered from the management human systems integrative angle of entry. The main research problem was can relocation activities be explained by the corporation's manufacturing key technologies and organizational concepts with cross-sectional indices of growth, manpower, and capital utilization. The response method was mixed in reviewing the EMS structural connections. The empirical finding content variables were bound with standardization and explaining scientific philosophy. As a result, the framework for relocation activities can explain firms' intentions over additive manufacturing and sustainable business. Conventionally selected literature sampling was used to identify likely supporting factors for the relocating activities. In conclusion, in terms of empirical findings, good politics, financing opportunities, and cooperation enable business growth and development.

Janne Heilala, Pawel Krolas

Conference Proceedings

Business Efficiency Metric Implementation Strategies for the Service-providing Companies

Lean and work with quality is highly explored and developed in many organizations and countries (Liker, 2004, p. 7). According to several research studies, there is a high level of implementation, but rather low level of evidence in service industry on actual results (Santhosh et al, 2018, p. 8) and lack of literature on use of Lean in new digital realities (Bortolotti et al, 2009, p.7), especially in relation to industrial revolutions 4.0 and 5.0 (Rossi et al, 2022, p.6). Situation is very different in manufacturing, already in 1960th the first quality gurus developed a system on how to measure costs of poor quality in manufacturing (Juran and Godfrey, 1998, ch. 8.1). Other aspect of metrics connected with quality improvements and Lean is the time perspective; in short term there is a much higher possibility to visualize and prove results from quality work, but in long-term perspective, also sometimes called long-term Lean enterprises (Liker and Morgan, 2006, p. 5), different metrics and approach to measurements and continuous work to show results are required.Digital age is here, and there is a need to re-think Lean and how success is measured. Lean 4.0 is well defined (Rossi et al, 2022, p. 5) and now we need to investigate Lean 5.0 and re-evaluation of the required success factors of Lean, quality work and metrics. Looking into research on Lean and digitalization, it is clear that the base Lean concept also when implementing it to a service industry company, shall be adjusted with industrial revolution and Lean 4.0 targets, in order to skip some steps and come closer to desired outcomes in the modern world.The aim of the study is to analyze the possible metrical implication of using Lean methodology and work with quality in a classic way, to suggest possibilities for metric implementation strategies for the service-providing companies.Systematic literature review and content analysis is used as a main research method for this paper. Empirical refinement and validation by using workshops with lean practitioners were used to pilot the assumptions. Main results and findings of the paper are through review of existing metrics, analysis of possible metrics and guidelines for development of metrics there is a possibility to develop a baseline for quality and Lean work results visualization method for a service industry company.

Svetlana Kocerova, Henrijs Kalkis, Zenija Roja

Conference Proceedings

Making customers successful: Customer Success Management a new management approach

Especially in times of crisis, as we are currently experiencing, it becomes clear which trends in marketing remain a buzzword and fade away, and which succeed in business and academic application. Customer Success Management (CSM) has transformed from such a phrase into the latest transformation of customer man-agement practice, even providing approaches for overcoming the downsides of the economic crisis. Originating in the software-as-a-service (SaaS) industry, CSM emerged when service providers in the business-to-business landscape no-ticed difficulty succeeding with their recurring revenue models based on sub-scriptions. Recurring revenue models promise great benefits, as selling compa-nies can ensure a continuous flow of revenue from their customers. However, this business model also reduces switching barriers, which leads to higher churn rates if customers are not satisfied with the provider's service. Since customer acquisi-tion tends to be more expensive than the value received by the provider after the first period of use, a firm loses significant revenue through early customer churns. To overcome these issues and reduce churn, vendors need to shift their focus from selling just product features to proactively selling Customer Value and focus on the customer outcome of usage. This is where CSM gains its rele-vance. Today, many well-known service suppliers (such as Microsoft, Cisco, and Hitachi) have built up customer success capabilities in business markets. The aim of CSM is not only to make the customer satisfied, but to enable and support them to make their customers successful. This requires a change in organizational structure and introduction of a previously unknown role. The role of Customer Success Manager is one of the jobs of the future and there are hundreds of thou-sands of job advertisements. CSM is also establishing itself in research. In this paper, we have studied the possible preliminary knowledge areas. We have in-vestigated which approaches, methods and instruments CSM uses and from which research areas, if any, it has been derived. The article attempts to fill this research gap and aims at contributing to a growing body of literature. From a methodological perspective, we conduct a systematic-based literature review to examine the broader customer relationship literature. Since CSM lacks a concep-tual foundation, the literature review guarantees to fully encompass the research field and to identify related topics and their most important concepts. This ap-proach is intended to illustrate why CSM is new and an evolution in business research. CSM combines many aspects of different research disciplines. Some approaches are adapted to the new framework. Some methods and scores will continue to be used. But new tools are also being added. We would like to present where there are overlapping areas from adjacent research disciplines of market-ing, sales, innovation management, customer centricity and service management. After systematically reviewing the neighboring research areas, we summarize CSM. We show which additional approaches have been added and why CSM is not just the further development of existing research areas, but really a new re-search area. Finally, we briefly discuss some of the main research questions in CSM.

Sven Seidenstricker, Vinzenz Krause

Conference Proceedings

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on South Asian Stock Markets

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on the efficiency of capital markets in countries of South Asia, namely, the market efficiency of these stock markets in the pre and post-COVID-19 global wave. The methods include quantitative research and time series analysis. Information and data were collected from the stock indices of Pakistan (KSE), India (BSE), Bangladesh (DSE) and Sri Lanka (CSE) for the period from August 2018 to July 2021. The results confirm that all capital markets are efficient before the global outbreak. In a meanwhile, after the pandemic (COVID-19) all the financial markets present a low efficiency. Explain more in economic terms. This conclusion helps the regulators of markets and investors to take a step to make certain information in these economies, subsequently, returns of some stocks can be predictable and generate opportunities for abnormal earnings and arbitrage.

Natacha Silva, Maria José Palma Lampreia Dos Santos, Nuno Baptista

Conference Proceedings

Unbundling Training towards Just-in-Time Learning and Re-bundling to Discover Knowledge

Nowadays business environment has become increasingly complex with which individuals and organizations must deal with. Competencies behind environmental changes or emerging technologies are essential to manage when facing customer expectations and new challenges to solve.Learning new competencies need to deliver real change. Learning Just-in-Case models are no longer the correct recipe. There is an unquestionable distinction between learning and performance objectives. Employees must be able to easily access an answer or a short piece of learning content while working to supplement the role of action and reflection. What are the ingredients and recipe to transfer to all appropriate (and no inappropriate) information to the learner, and, ultimately, deliver real business impact? Let’s make learning FUN and help learners to re-bundle nutritious learning contents to discover relevant and timely knowledge for a fulfilling work to be done.The goal of this article is to identify and analyse the way learning is adopted by the individual learner or learner’s group and how unbundling learning packages are influencing on learning behaviours and learning experiences. This article analyses shortfalls and shifts in learning expectations regarding current learning and how unbundling training packages can be designed and delivered to the learners. It observes drivers and human factors leading to an efficient learning environment. A generic perception of this analysis work is that training is oriented and executed towards Just-in-Time learning. This poses a great challenge to the formation of new learning packages and adoption of new knowledge and skills.This research is partly constructive, conceptual and analytical, because it introduces the concept of Just-in-Time learning and challenges when executing learning packages accordingly. Data and knowledge for this concept creation has been collected over some years on continuous flow from literature studies and by analyzing real implementation cases of training.This presentation will discuss some shortfalls regarding Just-in-Case learning in the current era, and how unbundling training packages can be designed and delivered to the learners. It will also discuss the various issues leading to the shift in learning expectations over the recent years. More importantly, it attempts to understand the drivers and human factors which build up an efficient learning environment. a generic perception of this analysis work is that training is oriented and executed at least partially towards Just-in-Time learning. This poses a great challenge to the formation of new learning packages and adoption of new knowledge and skills.

Oliver Tian, Vesa Salminen, Shanlynn Lee

Conference Proceedings

Enabling active learning experience in XR environments – identifying the design elements for XR learning objects

This research focuses on identifying the design elements for XR learning objects. In this research the data gathered is focusing on the Finnish secondary level education pilot projects which use XR-environments. In this concept paper we present the identified phases for data collection. The identified phases are teacher’s design documents, the planning, implementing phases and reflection phase. Data is collected from teachers that are designing the learning object for XR environment.Extended Reality (XR) is an umbrella term for virtual, mixed and augmented realities. Commonly they’re known as Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR) and Augmented Reality (AR). VR is usually associated into Head Mounted Displays (HMD) and they’re referred as VR-glasses in common language. VR-glasses are basically creating stereoscopic picture and it creates the user feeling like they’re immersed in the 3-dimensional space. (Milgram & Kishino, 1994)XR-environments provides many possibilities to support learning. When XR is used effectively in learning, it increases the participant’s interest in and focus on the learning task. XR makes it possible to look at things that would not otherwise be so well illustrated in the real world. Augmented reality increases students motivation and helps them explore the existing environment (Sotiriou & Bogner 2008). Several studies show that the use of AR in education leads to enhanced learning outcomes (Akçayır & Akçayır 2016).Data is collected nowadays everywhere but there’s a big gap in utilizing the data for the purposes to develop learning and pedagogy. Most of the data applied is for business and management purposes. The term Educational data mining has been firstly mentioned in half of the 2005 and since that the applications and research of this field has been growing. One of the substudy fields of EDM is Learning Analytics which is defined as measuring, collecting, analysing and reporting of data from acquired from learning environments (Larusson & White, 2014; Siemens & Baker, 2013). Learning analytics interprets the collected data from various sources. Data is collected from various learning environments which leave “digital footprints” from student interactions. The data is analysed to make predictions, to visualize learning progress and to make interventions in learning processes. Learning analytics field doesn’t limit only to algorithm based interpretations of learning but it could utilize different techniques to analyze the data properly. (Johnson et al, 2011).

Henry Paananen, Trevor Prendergast, Vesa Salminen, Juha-Matti Torkkel

Conference Proceedings

Development of Novel Technostress Instrument Among Education and Health Care Sectors

Digitalization of society and digital transformation of organizations have been the emerging trend during the last decade and recently the Covid-19 pandemic even promoted the use of digital technology. There are numerous benefits reported due to digitalization but also some challenges have been addressed. One challenge has been the emerging amount of technostress due to rapid change in utilizing digital tools and applications. There are some validated technostress instruments available but those are universal instruments meant for assessing any kind of technostress. However, the number of technostress instruments targeted for assessing perceived stress due to online work is still limited. We aimed to develop and validate a novel instrument for assessing technostress due to online meetings. We compared the validity of the novel instrument in terms of other well-known instruments among education and health care sectors. A large survey was conducted, and a number of respondents was 499. Data were handled by SPSS-28. Statistical analyses were done by Pearson correlations. Study showed that the novel instrument was easy to use and valid for assessing technostress. However, more research is needed for establishing its status as an acknowledged technostress instrument.

Kimmo Vanni, Antti Syvanen, Jarmo Viteli

Conference Proceedings

Contrasting the profiles of Female vs Male quantity surveyors in South Africa

Quantity surveying in South Africa is a well-established professional discipline providing consulting services to the construction industry. The continued prosperity of a professional discipline such as quantity surveying is closely linked to sound management and efficient strategic leadership. The leaders and managers of the profession require accurate and up-to-date information on the profile of their members to integrate that information into future strategies and planning.Young democracies and developing countries such as South Africa often have demographics and financial industries, including the construction industry, that are much more dynamic than first-world countries such as the United States or Great Britain. Local government upliftment policies such as black economic empowerment changed the economic landscape. The membership profile of the quantity surveying profession is also seeing rapid change, presenting additional management challenges. A profession with a stable profile is easy to manage using past knowledge of membership makeup and preferences. However, a changing membership may cause strategies based on the knowledge of 5 to 10 years ago to be found wanting today.The recent COVID-19 pandemic disrupted economies and industries and did not spare the construction industry or the quantity surveying profession. During this time, the South African Association of Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS), assisted by the University of Pretoria, analysed the profile of its members employing a questionnaire forwarded to all ASAQS members on the database. This data confirmed significant changes to the age and racial makeup of the profession. However, the changed gender profile was amongst the study’s most significant findings. In the past, the typical South African quantity surveyor was a middle age to older male of European descent. This study will contrast the older members of the profession against the more recent entrants by comparing the profile of female members to that of male members. The analysis will include age, race, locational spread, academic qualifications, nationality, registration status with the Council of South African Quantity Surveyors, and length of the current employment term to provide a reasonably detailed comparison of the gender profile of quantity surveyors in South Africa.The above information will be valuable to the Association of South African Quantity Surveyors and to the management of quantity surveying firms and institutions such as universities that offer accredited academic programmes to train quantity surveyors. The findings can also be shared with quantity surveying professionals across international borders to compare against the profiles of their millennial cohorts of quantity surveyors.

Danie Hoffman, Tebogo Hellen Ngele, Benita Zulch

Conference Proceedings

The application of brand Narrative Theory to brand building in Creative cities: A case study of Nanjing

From the perspective of brand narrative theory, this study takes the city brand of Nanjing as an example to conduct a survey of online information, comprehensive use of big data collection, social network analysis and other methods to explore the internal characteristics of the brand of Nanjing City of Literature, build a visual knowledge map of big data, and clarify the overall narrative characteristics of the brand building achievements of Nanjing City of Literature at current period. In order to summarize and analyze the direction of the brand narrative strategy of Nanjing City of Literature, and finally put forward the strategy of applying narrative strategy to the construction of local city cultural brand, which provides a reference for basic research and decision-making basis for relevant policy formulation and research.

Xu Yang, Xin Sun, Dandan Xie

Conference Proceedings

CO2 free Smart Mobility Hub: MORE industrial park

Smart Mobility Hub (SMH) is a transport node that provides smart transportation and logistics services for a particular area, such as city, city block or municipality, depending on its intended mission. Utilization of very latest digital and communication technologies makes a Mobility Hub (MH) smart. Smart mobility services benefit from technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Tings (IoT), Big Data and wireless communication such as 5G mobile technology. The aim of SMHs is to make transportation of people and goods more efficient, cost effective, accessible and most of all, convenient and easy. However, maybe the most important mission of SMH is to help to solve increased CO2 emissions generated by urban transport nodes. A SMH’s purpose is to provide new tools and solutions that support cities and municipalities in achieving zero CO2 mobility emissions transition locally. The key challenge for SMH is to facilitate the achievement of carbon neutrality goal set by the European Union for urban mobility and trips under 500 km by the end of 2030. The most critical challenge for the Finnish transport sector is to significantly reduce its emissions and to become carbon neutral by 2035. MORE industrial park, located in Finland and spanning two industrial parks – Rastikangas in the Municipality of Janakkala and Moreeni in the City of Hämeenlinna, is an Eco Industrial Park aiming for an emission-free future. It is also a major Mobility Hub (MH) in the Hämeenlinna economic area serving the transportation needs of local industry. Due to a chosen development strategy to gain competitive edge over other similar industrial parks in Southern Finland, MORE industrial park has long term plans to become a significant Smart Mobility Hub (SMH) providing services not just for the city of Hämeenlinna and Janakkala municipality, but also for economic areas of the cities of Helsinki and Turku. In this paper we will analyse what kind of facilities and capabilities the MORE Industrial Park should have and what kind of services it should provide in order to become a Smart Mobility Hub. The paper also analyses potential key drivers that can positively differentiate MORE industrial park from competing industrial parks in Southern Finland. The MORE Park will have the infrastructure in place around year 2026 for High-Capacity Transport (HCT) trucks. The paper analyses the capabilities and services required by these HCT trucks for efficient and sustainable operations. Additionally, a zero emission, just-in-time first and last mile transportation services for the local economy will be discussed. Since the SMH services are mainly produced by utilizing modern digital technologies, the paper introduces the MORE platform that provides services that enable transition towards efficient, resilient and sustainable transportation services. It is one of the key enablers towards zero emission mobility of goods and people.

Markus Sihvonen, Marina Weck

Conference Proceedings

Macroergonomic Analysis of Structure (MAS) of community association of the city of Florianópolis

This article aims to make a macroergonomic analysis of a residents association. An analysis was made of the macroergonomic structure (MAS) of an organization belonging to a small residential neighborhood in the city of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The items that were analyzed are: the technological subsystem, the personnel subsystem and the external environment. A proposal for an ideal work structure system for this type of organization was created and compared with the diagnosed work structure that was in operation. From the comparative difference of the structural dimensions, guidelines were generated for a better structure of the work system. The guidelines are: the creation of intermediate positions, the creation of more working groups, greater autonomy over the decisions of members and directors and more solid organizational goals in the long term.

Marcos Vinícios Schmidt Salvador, Flávio Anthero Nunes Vianna Dos Santos, Elton Moura Nickel

Conference Proceedings

Quantitative analysis and modeling of the factors that determine the quality of life in the city council of Chile

This research try to determine what factors influence the well-being of various communities and city council in Chile, based on urban national life quality indicators, the above carried out for communes that are close to the threshold of 50,000 inhabitants, which represents close to 100 communes of the country, reaching approximately 80% of the population. To measure efficiency, an econometric model is developed with a series of variables that explain the levels of well-being, as well as to also find measures of significance and importance in the relationship structure, in order to understand the sensitivity of some factors in the national well-being and quality of life.

Gonzalo Ríos, Hanns De La Fuente-Mella, Nelson Lay

Conference Proceedings

Classification of Lodging Facilities using Questionnaire data on Revenue Management

The COVID-19 epidemic has drastically changed our way of life.　Especially in Japan, the lodging industry was hit hard by the trend toward self-restraint in travel. The situation is now returning to what it was before the epidemic, and businesses need to review their future facility operations. The purpose of this study is to typify and understand the characteristics of lodging facilities by focusing on their revenue management methods. Specifically, we use a questionnaire of employees involved in decision-making regarding the facility. First, we performed principal component analysis on 13 question items related to current profit management among all questionnaire items. We summarized the questionnaire items into 6 principal components by this analysis. For each principal component, we interpreted the first principal component as focusing on constancy, the second principal component as focusing on demand forecasting, the third principal component as focusing on room occupancy, the fourth principal component as focusing on customer demand, the fifth principal component as focusing on competitors, and the sixth principal component as focusing on company policy.Subsequently, we performed cluster analysis using the principal component scores obtained by principal component analysis. We calculated the average principal component score for each cluster, and named and discussed each cluster with reference to the calculated value.This study allowed us to develop a classification of facilities based on their revenue management methods.

Emi Iwanade, Kohei Otake

Conference Proceedings

The Influence of Purchase Purpose and Customer Loyalty on Purchase Behavior in Fashion Stores

In recent years, with the spread of COVID-19 infection, the consumer market in real places such as department stores and shopping centers was hit hard. The latest consumer trend surveys indicate that what consumers are looking for in physical shops after the coronavirus has been contained is 'confidence' and 'surprise' through the experience of touching actual products. From this, it can be inferred that the insight of consumers in actual shops lies in the process leading up to the purchase, i.e. the experience value, such as how they use the shop and search for products.In this study, we conducted an experiment on consumer behavior in a department store, and proposed marketing measures unique to a real shop in accordance with consumer behavior, using data on the flow line of shop movement and questionnaire data before and after the experiment. Specifically, a series of data on the consumer's flow line from entering to leaving the shop is collected using an eye-tracking device. From the collected traffic line data, we attempt to evaluate consumer behavior from the viewpoint of purchase purpose and loyalty by using Social Network Analysis(SNA) methods.

Jin Nakashima, Kohei Otake

Conference Proceedings

QHS Methodology to innovate the Value Chain in the Supply Chain

In the foreign trade sector, the companies that make up the value chain; They make up its portfolio of services with customs agency, cross-border transport, merchandise warehouses and international logistics. The supply chain integrated by the implicit relationship of suppliers, companies and customers generates large areas of opportunity in the key phases of specialization, innovation and competitiveness in the management and administration of operations, strengthening the learning curve processes in each phase of the value chain in the different strategic sectors of international trade. The QHS Methodology represents a methodological intervention strategy for the analysis of the factors that determine the elements of innovation, systematization of competitiveness through the consolidation of regulatory operation management models, specialized talent management and competency certification mechanisms at each stage of the supply chain.

Rodolfo Martinez Gutierrez, Jorge Vicente Villa Garcia

Conference Proceedings